摘要
为揭示中部城市生活污水的水质特征及污染机制,以南昌市为对象,通过旱季连续1周的水质监测,测定COD_(Cr)、BOD_(5)、TP、TN污染物浓度,结合污染指数法与BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr)等比值分析,评估污染负荷及生物处理潜力。结果表明:南昌市生活污水污染负荷较高,COD_(Cr)、BOD_(5)、TP、TN平均浓度分别为177.53 、77.49 、4.00 、42.92 mg·L^(-1),以GB 18918—2002为基准量化评估,达到标准限值1.33~2.58倍;各功能区污染物受餐厨用水和卫生用水占比影响呈现显著时序特征,学校与商业区因集中式餐饮活动呈“双峰”模式,住宅区与三餐同步形成“三峰一谷”,办公区则为“单峰”分布;BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr)均值为0.44,表明污水可生化性良好,但BOD_(5)/TN均值仅有1.87,碳氮比不足制约脱氮效率;对比区域经济水平发现南昌市COD_(Cr)浓度(177.53 mg·L^(-1))显著低于沿海发达城市,其差异源于第三产业占比低、居民消费强度有限及化粪池截留作用。本研究系统揭示了中部城市污水水质与功能区特征、区域经济水平之间的关联机制,为制定差异化管控策略提供科学依据。
To reveal the water quality characteristics and pollution mechanisms of domestic sewage in central cities,this study took Nanchang City as the research object.Through one week water quality monitoring conducted continuously during the dry season,the concentrations of COD_(Cr),BOD_(5),TP,and TN pollutants were measured.Combined with the pollution index method and the ratio analyses such as BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr),the pollution load and the potential for biological treatment were evaluated.The results showed that the pollution load of domestic sewage in Nanchang City was relatively high,with average concentrations of COD_(Cr),BOD_(5),TP,and TN being 177.53,77.49,4.00,and 42.92 mg·L^(-1) respectively.Based on GB18918—2002 standard,for quantitative assessment these values reached 1.33 to 2.58 times the standard limits.The pollutants in different functional areas showed significant temporal characteristics influenced by the proportion of kitchen and sanitary water usage.Schools and commercial areas presented a"doublepeak"pattern due to centralized catering activities,while residential areas formed a"three-peak and one-valley"pattern synchronized with three meals.Office areas showed a"single-peak"distribution.The average BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr) ratio was 0.44,indicating good biodegradability of the sewage,but the average BOD_(5)/TN ratio was only 1.87,the insufficient carbon-nitrogen ratio limited the nitrogen removal efficiency.When compared with the regional economic level,it was found that the COD_(Cr) concentration in Nanchang City(177.53 mg·L^(-1))was significantly lower than that in developed coastal cities.This difference stemmed from the low proportion of the tertiary industry,limited resident consumption intensity,and the interception effect of septic tanks.This study systematically revealed the correlation mechanism between the water quality of sewage in central cities,the characteristics of functional areas,and the regional economic level,providing a scientific basis for formulating differentiated management strategies.
作者
邱晶晶
王承军
刘小林
魏越波
胡春华
QIU Jingjing;WANG Chengjun;LIU Xiaolin;WEI Yuebo;HU Chunhua(Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization,Ministry of Education,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Jiangxi Hydropower Engineering Bureau Co.,Ltd.,Power Construction Group of China,Nanchang 330096,China)
出处
《南昌大学学报(理科版)》
2025年第6期583-590,共8页
Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41663002)
江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20161BAB203080)。
关键词
城镇生活污水
污染物时空分布
污染指数
urban domestic sewage
spatiotemporal distribution of pollutants
pollution index
