摘要
目前固体燃料仍然是我国居民烹饪和取暖的重要能源之一,且农村地区使用传统固体燃料比例要远高于城市地区,尤其在西北和西南地区,其燃烧过程释放的污染物是区域性空气污染和温室气体排放的重要来源,对农村居民的室内空气质量和健康风险影响显著。本研究针对我国西北和西南农村地区传统固体燃料燃烧排放数据匮乏的问题,基于2018–2019年实地调查与燃烧实验,构建了农村居民生活固体燃料排放因子数据集。研究覆盖黄土高原、西北干旱区及青藏高原等典型区域,涵盖薪柴、秸秆、散煤及禽畜粪便等主要燃料类型,采集二氧化碳(CO_(2))、二氧化氮(NO_(2))和细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))等9类污染物排放数据。数据集通过自主研发的便携式稀释采样系统实现污染物浓度实时监测与实验室分析结合,确保排放因子本地化与高精度。质量控制方面,采用空白滤膜扣除背景干扰、多通道平行采样及仪器定期校准保证数据质量。本数据集可为区域空气污染模型构建、区域大气污染源清单编制、农村能源消费与环境健康影响评估提供基础数据支撑。可为农村清洁取暖改造及碳减排路径优化提供量化依据,助力“双碳”目标科学分解,推动农村能源利用向绿色、低碳方向转型。
Solid fuels remain a significant energy source for cooking and heating in China,with rural areas exhibiting a substantially higher usage rate than urban areas,particularly in the northwest and southwest regions.The combustion of these fuels releases large amounts of pollutants,which serve as major sources of regional air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions,thereby exerting considerable impacts on indoor air quality and associated health risks for rural residents.This study addresses the critical lack of data on emissions from traditional solid fuel combustion in rural areas of northwest and southwest China.Based on field surveys and combustion experiments conducted between 2018 and 2019,we developed a dataset of emission factors for solid fuels used in rural households.The study covers typical regions such as the Loess Plateau,the arid of Northwest China,and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and includes major fuel types such as firewood,crop residues,raw coal,and livestock manure.Emission data were collected for nine types of pollutants,including carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)),and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).The dataset was established using a self-developed portable dilution sampling system that combines real-time monitoring of pollutant concentrations with laboratory analysis,ensuring localized and high-precision emission factors.For quality control,we employed measures such as blank filter correction to eliminate background interference,multi-channel parallel sampling,and regular instrument calibration to ensure data reliability.This dataset provides fundamental support for the construction of regional air pollution models,regional atmospheric emission inventories,and assessments of rural energy consumption and its environmental health impacts.Additionally,it offers quantitative evidence for optimizing rural clean heating transformations and carbon reduction pathways,thereby facilitating the scientific decomposition of the“dual-carbon”goals and promoting the transition of rural energy use towards a greener and low-carbon direction.
作者
李倩
张宁宁
张勇
王凯
米娜
刘凡
景悦
LI Qian;ZHANG Ningning;ZHANG Yong;WANG Kai;MI Na;LIU Fan;JING Yue(Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research,Xi’an 710061,P.R.China;Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710061,P.R.China;National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain,Xi’an 710061,P.R.China)
基金
生态环境部第二次全国污染源普查专项(G-20180103-01)
中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划(XAB2021YN06)。
