摘要
为掌握十年禁渔初期长江流域洞庭湖拟尖头鲌(Culter oxycephaloides)的种群状况,通过渔业资源调查方法,于2021—2023年在洞庭湖采集拟尖头鲌样本672尾,开展其年龄结构、生长特征和种群动态分析。结果显示:洞庭湖拟尖头鲌由1~8龄组成,其中1~3龄为优势组,占总样本数的87.95%;体长分布范围为8.5~67.2 cm,优势体长10~25 cm;体质量分布范围为5.4~3760.0 g,优势体质量0~200 g;体长(L)与鳞径(R)的线性关系式为L=69.11R+3.44;体长-体质量关系式为W=9.09×10^(-3)×L^(3.094)(R^(2)=0.990,n=672尾),属匀速生长型;体长和体质量生长方程分别为L_(t)=89.7×[1-e^(-0.175(t+0.046))]、W_(t)=9999.1×[1-e^(-0.175(t+0.046))]^(3.094),拐点年龄6.41龄,对应的体长和体质量为60.7 cm、2988.0 g。用Fi SATⅡ软件计算总死亡系数Z=0.928,经验公式计算得出自然死亡系数M=0.416,捕捞死亡系数F=0.512,开发系数E=0.552。当起捕体长L_(C)=40.2 cm时,可获得最大的相对单位补充渔获量(Y′/R=0.0219)和生物量(B′/R=0.0428),对应的年龄为3.35龄。拟尖头鲌生活史类型属r-选择。当前洞庭湖拟尖头鲌种群仍处于过度开发状态,低龄化和小型化未得到明显改善。建议将拟尖头鲌起捕体长提高至40.2 cm,以恢复产卵群体和种群资源。
To evaluate the population status of Culter oxycephaloides in Dongting Lake during the early stage of the ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River Basin,a total of 672 specimens were collected from 2021 to 2023 using fishery resource survey methods.Age structure,growth characteristics,and population dynamics were analyzed.Results showed that the population age ranged from 1 to 8 years,with age groups 1-3 dominating(87.95%).The body length ranged from 8.5 cm to 67.2 cm,with a dominant range of 10-25 cm,while body weight varied from 5.4 g to 3,760.0 g,with the dominant range being 0-200 g.The linear relationship between body length(L)and scale radius(R)was L=69.11R+3.44,and the length-weight relationship was W=9.09×10^(-3)×L^(3.094)(R^(2)=0.990,n=672).The von Bertalanffy growth equations for length and weight were L_(t)=89.7×[1-e^(-0.175(t+0.046))]and W_(t)=9999.1×[1-e^(-0.175(t+0.046))]^(3.094),respectively.The inflection age was 6.41 years,corresponding to a body length of 60.7 cm and a weight of 2,988.0 g.Using FiSAT II software,the total mortality coefficient(Z)was estimated at 0.928,natural mortality(M)at 0.416,fishing mortality(F)at 0.512,and exploitation rate(E)at 0.552.When the capture length(L_(C))was set to 40.2 cm,the maximum relative yield-per-recruit(Y′/R=0.0219)and biomass-per-recruit(B′/R=0.0428)were achieved at an age of 3.35 years.C.oxycephaloides exhibits r-strategy life history traits.The population in Dongting Lake remains overexploited,with issues of juvenilization and miniaturization persisting.It is recommended to increase the minimum capture length to 40.2 cm to restore the spawning stock and ensure sustainable population utilization.
作者
杨天航
刘栋
王崇瑞
袁希平
李鸿
杨鑫
YANG Tianhang;LIU Dong;WANG Chongrui;YUAN Xiping;LI Hong;YANG Xin(Hunan Fisheries Science Institute,Changsha 410153,China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Fisheries College,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)
出处
《水产学杂志》
2025年第6期67-76,共10页
Chinese Journal of Fisheries
基金
农业财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查”(CJDC-2017-19)
湖南省农业农村厅专项(湘财农指[2022]67号)。
关键词
禁渔初期
拟尖头鲌
种群特征
资源评估
洞庭湖
early fishing ban
Culter oxycephaloides
population characteristics
stock assessment
Dongting Lake
