摘要
本文通过对山西沁县南涅水石塔结构特征、图像逻辑生成过程的剖析,以及对石塔制作、供养环节的重点探讨,来阐述这一艺术形式在涅水流域出现并流行的原因,及其对于当地信众和寺院的现实意义等问题。首先,石塔构件与发愿文的对照表明,北朝晚期涅水两岸所见的石塔是一种模拟现实佛塔建筑的宗教设施,忠实保留了木构佛塔的建筑语境以及绕塔礼拜的宗教仪轨;材质的更替与尺寸的微缩使其完全消解了建筑原型的空间意义,进而成为一种象征性的视觉符号。塔身龛像的组合程式与呈现效果进一步提示,在大乘佛教“众生成佛”的允诺之下,石塔成为民间信众速达正果、终生天国的精神阶梯。北魏末年以来,今沁县北部、武乡县西部的涅水两岸因交通与地势之利形成具有群聚性的佛教文化圈,南涅水石塔则扮演着当地寺院、僧众与信徒之间的纽带。其制作、陈设与供养的过程不仅以信仰的形式深度整合了在地社群,还和周边寺院的经济运作、地缘宗教势力的建构紧密联系在一起。
Through analyzing the structural features and iconographic logic of the Nannieshui stone pagodas in Qinxian,Shanxi,this study investigates their production and devotional practices to explore their emergence in the Nie River Basin and their socioreligious significance.Comparative analysis of components and donative inscriptions reveals that these late Northern Dynasties period pagodas replicated wooden prototypes while ritualizing circumambulation practices.Their shift to stone material and miniature scale transformed them into symbolic visual signs,dissolving original spatial functions.The iconographic program further demonstrates how they materialized Mahayana Buddhist promises of universal Buddhahood,serving as spiritual conduits for lay devotees seeking enlightenment and celestial rebirth.Emerging along the strategically located Nie River between modern Qinxian and Wuxiang counties since the late Northern Wei,these pagodas functioned as a critical nexus connecting monasteries,clergy,and devotees.Their production,display,and devotional practices not only consolidated local communities through shared belief but also intertwined with monastic economies and regional religious networks.
出处
《文物季刊》
2025年第4期38-57,共20页
Journal of Chinese Antiquity
关键词
佛塔
建筑语境
南涅水
宗教景观
Buddhist stupa
Architectural context
Nannieshui
Religious landscape
