摘要
土地作为自然环境和社会环境的承载空间,其生境质量是人类生存和发展的基础和保障.研究黑土区土地利用和区域生境质量的时空演变趋势,可对保护区域生态环境和持续高效利用土地资源提供参考.基于2000年、2010年和2020年的土地利用数据,通过InVEST模型分析黑龙江省土地利用类型的空间分布和生境质量;并以2020年的土地利用数据为基础,利用PLUS模型模拟自然发展、城镇发展、耕地保护和生态保护情景下的2030年、2040年和2050年的土地利用数据,并计算其生境质量指数.结果表明:(1)2000~2020年,耕地、林地、草地、湿地和裸地面积在逐渐减少,水域和人造地表的面积在扩张;(2)2030~2050年,生态保护情景下的林地、草地、水域和人造地表面积逐渐增加,耕地则呈现减少趋势;而其他3种情景下,耕地、水域和人造地表面积波动增加,林地及草地面积逐渐减少;(3)2000~2020年,生境质量指数由0.555上升到0.560,又下降到0.543,并呈现出西北部和东南部生境质量高,西南部和东北部生境质量低的特点;(4)在2030~2050年,生态保护情景下的生境质量有明显改善;自然发展、城镇发展和耕地保护情景下的生境质量较低,并且有相似的空间分布特征.研究可为黑龙江省土地可持续利用和生态文明建设提供参考.
As the bearing space of the natural and social environment,habitat land quality is the foundation and guarantee for human survival and development.The spatiotemporal evolution trend of land use and regional habitat quality in the black soil area was analyzed to provide a reference for the protection of regional ecological environments and the sustainable and efficient use of land resources.Based on the land use data of 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial distribution and habitat quality of land use in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed using the InVEST model.Based on the land use data in 2020,the PLUS model was used to simulate the land use status and habitat quality index in 2030,2040,and 2050 under the scenarios of natural development,urban development,cultivated land protection,and ecological protection.The results showed that:①From 2000 to 2020,the area of cultivated land,forest land,grassland,wetland,and bare land were gradually decreasing,and the area of water and artificial surface were expanding.②From 2030 to 2050,the areas of forest land,grassland,water area,and artificial surface under the ecological protection scenario were gradually increasing,while the area of cultivated land showed a decreasing trend.Under the other three scenarios,the areas of cultivated land,water area,and artificial surface increased in a fluctuating manner,and the areas of forest land and grassland were gradually decreasing.③From 2000 to 2020,the habitat quality index rose from 0.555 to 0.560 and then dropped to 0.543,showing the characteristics that the habitat quality was high in the northwest and southeast and low in the southwest and northeast.④From 2030 to 2050,the habitat quality under the ecological protection scenario was significantly improved,and the habitat quality under the natural development,urban development,and cultivated land protection scenarios was relatively low,with similar spatial distribution characteristics.Thus,this study can provide references for the sustainable use of land and the construction of ecological civilization in Heilongjiang Province.
作者
李玉恒
赵宁
张云
Monika Stanny
杜国明
LI Yu-heng;ZHAO Ning;ZHANG Yun;Monika Stanny;DU Guo-ming(College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Public Administration and Law,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Institute of Rural and Agricultural of Development,Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw 00-330,Poland)
出处
《环境科学》
北大核心
2025年第12期7958-7970,共13页
Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42471240)。
