摘要
长江源地区作为水源涵养性重点生态功能区,其水环境质量对维持水生生态系统稳定以及守护沿岸人民健康安全具有重要意义.为厘清长江源地区通天河水体中药品及个人护理品(PPCPs)的赋存特征、来源解析与生态风险,沿其干流途经治多县和玉树市等区域14个采样点进行采样,采用固相萃取和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水体中5类44种抗生素和8种雌激素,分析PPCPs的浓度和赋存特征,探讨水体理化因子和土地利用结构与PPCPs赋存特征的潜在关系,基于风险商值法评估水体中PPCPs的潜在生态风险和人体健康风险.结果表明,通天河水系典型河段共检出39种PPCPs,检出浓度范围为ND~58.57 ng·L^(-1),总量范围在0.92~166.39 ng·L^(-1),浓度平均值为:喹诺酮类(11.89 ng·L^(-1))>雌激素类(3.61 ng·L^(-1))>大环内酯类(1.58 ng·L^(-1))>磺胺类(0.64 ng·L^(-1))>四环素类(0.22 ng·L^(-1))>氯霉素类(0.07 ng·L^(-1)).其中喹诺酮类中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星,雌激素类中己烯雌酚、己烷雌酚和己二烯雌酚共6种PPCPs在14个采样点位均有检出,检出率为100%.Mantel检验结果表明,磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类和大环内酯类与TOC浓度呈正相关,氯霉素类与氨氮浓度呈正相关.结合APCS-MLR模型分析结果,推断影响PPCPs赋存差异的第一污染源为建成区,第二污染源为牧场,未知污染源为裸地和上游来水.采集水样中CTC、CAM和EE2存在低风险,OFL、NOR、ETM、RXM和E1存在中风险,CIP和E2b存在高风险,其余29种PPCPs的RQ_(E)值均低于0.01,表现为无生态风险.39种PPCPs人体健康风险RQH值均低于0.01,对人体健康导致的风险可忽略不计.
As a key ecological function area of water conservation,the water environment quality in the source area of the Yangtze River plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the aquatic ecosystem and protecting the health and safety of coastal people.To clarify the occurrence characteristics,pollution sources,and ecological risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)in the Tongtian River,water samples were collected from 14 sampling sites along its mainstream,traversing regions including Zhiduo County and Yushu City.A combination of solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)was employed to determine 52 types of PPCPs belonging to six categories in the water samples.The concentration levels and occurrence characteristics of these PPCPs were analyzed,and their correlations with physicochemical factors in the water,as well as land use structure,were explored.Furthermore,the potential ecological and human health risks posed by PPCPs in the water were assessed using the risk quotient(RQ_(E) and RQH)method.The results revealed that a total of 39 types of PPCPs were detected in the typical river segments of the Tongtian River,with concentrations ranging from non-detectable(ND)to 58.57 ng·L^(-1).The total concentrations of the six PPCPs categories varied between 0.92 and 166.39 ng·L^(-1),with the average concentration following the order:quinolones(11.89 ng·L^(-1))>estrogens(3.61 ng·L^(-1))>macrolides(1.58 ng·L^(-1))>sulfonamides(0.64 ng·L^(-1))>tetracyclines(0.22 ng·L^(-1))>chloramphenicols(0.07 ng·L^(-1)).Notably,six PPCPs,including ofloxacin,norfloxacin,and ciprofloxacin from the quinolone group and diethylstilbestrol,hexestrol,and dienestrol from the estrogen group,were detected at all 14 sampling sites,with a detection rate of 100%.Mantel test analysis showed that sulfonamides,quinolones,tetracyclines,and macrolides were positively correlated with TOC concentration,while chloramphenicols were positively correlated with ammonia nitrogen concentration.Based on the analysis results of the APCS-MLR model,it was inferred that the first pollution source affecting the differences in PPCPs occurrence was the built-up area,the second pollution source was the pasture,and the unknown pollution sources were bare land and upstream water.CTC,CAM,and EE2 in the collected water samples presented low risk;OFL,NOR,ETM,RXM,and E1 showed medium risk;CIP and E2b had high risk.The RQ_(E) values of the remaining 29 types of PPCPs were all below 0.01,indicating no ecological risk.The RQH values of 39 types of PPCPs for human health risk were all below 0.01,and the risk to human health could be ignored.
作者
邓陈宁
王丽静
张美一
黄雨薇
王帮国
聂冲
刘晓钰
王丽婧
杨鹊平
徐睿
DENG Chen-ning;WANG Li-jing;ZHANG Mei-yi;HUANG Yu-wei;WANG Bang-guo;NIE Chong;LIU Xiao-yu;WANG Li-jing;YANG Que-ping;XU Rui(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;National Joint Research Center for Yangtze River Conservation,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《环境科学》
北大核心
2025年第12期7622-7633,共12页
Environmental Science
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2024YSKY-19)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200801)
长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目(第二期)(2022-LHYJ-02)。
关键词
长江源地区
通天河
药品及个人护理品(PPCPs)
赋存特征
风险评估
source region of the Yangtze River
the Tongtian River
pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)
occurrence characteristics
risk assessment
