摘要
高氯酸盐(ClO_(4)^(-))作为一种新兴污染物,因其高水溶性和难降解性,进入自然水体后通过饮用水或食物摄入在人体内富集,干扰甲状腺对碘的吸收,进而诱发甲状腺功能减退、内分泌紊乱及发育异常等病症。本研究针对烟花爆竹企业高氯酸盐废水,采用企业沉淀池底泥和市政污水处理厂污泥作为接种污泥,通过浓度逐级升高的驯化方式,在驯化48 d内获得了高氯酸盐还原菌(PRB),其对ClO_(4)^(-)降解能力最高达1200 g·m^(-3)·d^(-1)。通过高通量测序发现,不同ClO_(4)^(-)进水浓度对微生物的群落组成和活性影响很大,在门分类水平上,PRB主要以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,58.24%)为主;属分类水平上,随着ClO_(4)^(-)进水浓度升高,微生物群落主要以硫化螺旋菌属(Sulfurospirillum)、固氮螺菌属(Azonexus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、三氯杆菌属(Trichlorobacter)和陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)为主。利用PRB开展高氯酸盐废水处理实验,研究了温度、pH及不同电子供体对ClO_(4)^(-)的降解效果,发现在废水pH值为7、温度30℃,采用乙酸钠作为电子供体的条件下,PRB对浓度600 mg·L^(-1)的高氯酸盐废水去除率接近100%,氯离子浓度逐渐增加到723.67 mg·L^(-1),表明乙酸钠作为PRB电子供体的优越性。动力学拟合结果表明4种电子供体R 2均大于0.9,一级动力学模型能较好地描述生物还原过程,其中乙酸钠的反应速率常数k值显著高于其他电子供体,选用乙酸钠作为电子供体降解ClO_(4)^(-)反应速率最快,它不仅可以作为碳源,还可以作为电子供体在ClO_(4)^(-)还原过程中发挥重要作用。本研究为PRB的快速驯化和高氯酸盐废水生物还原处理提供了可行的路径选择。
Perchlorate(ClO_(4)^(-)),as an emerging contaminant,poses significant ecological and health risks due to its high solubility and mobility.Upon entering aquatic systems,it accumulates in humans via drinking water or food intake,disrupting thyroid iodide uptake and potentially inducing hypothyroidism,endocrine disorders,and d evelopmental abnormalities.This study focused on perchlorate-laden wastewater from fireworks manufacturing,utilizing sediment from industrial settling ponds and municipal wastewater sludge as inoculum.Through acclimatization via stepwise concentration increases over 48 days,perchlorate-reducing bacteria(PRB)were successfully e nriched,achieving a maximum degradation capacity of 1200 g·m^(-3)·d^(-1) for ClO_(4)^(-).High-throughput sequencing revealed that different influent perchlorate concentrations significantly impacted microbial community composition and activity.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria(58.24%)dominated the PRB community.At the genus level,the dominant microbial genera shifted with increasing perchlorate concentration,primarily comprising Sulfurospirillum,Azonexus,Acinetobacter,Trichlorobacter,and Thauera.Subsequent experiments evaluated PRB performance in perchlorate wastewater treatment under varying temperatures,pH levels,and electron donors.Optimal conditions(pH 7,30℃,sodium acetate as electron donor)yielded near-complete removal(100%)of 600 mg·L^(-1) ClO_(4)^(-),a ccompanied by a gradual increase in chloride concentration to 723.67 mg·L^(-1),confirming the superiority of s odium acetate as an electron donor for PRB.Kinetic modeling revealed strong fits(R 2>0.9)to first-order kinetics for all tested electron donors,with sodium acetate exhibiting the highest reaction rate,indicating its rapid perchlorate degradation capability.It not only serves as a carbon source but also acts as an electron donor,playing a significant role in the perchlorate reduction process.This study provides a feasible approach for rapid PRB acclimatization and an effective biodegradation pathway for perchlorate-contaminated wastewater.
作者
钟宇
张萬达
田石强
付广义
周霜
姚福兵
王宏洋
陈颖
ZHONG Yu;ZHANG Wanda;TIAN Shiqiang;FU Guangyi;ZHOU Shuang;YAO Fubing;WANG Hongyang;CHEN Ying(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology,Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Changsha 410004,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期209-221,共13页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U24A20187)
湖南创新型省份建设专项(2023SK2062)
湖南省科技创新计划资助项目(2023RC3216,2024AQ2007,2025QK2010)。
关键词
高氯酸盐
微生物群落
生态毒理
环境因子
电子供体
perchlorate
microbial community
ecotoxicology
environmental factors
electron donor
