摘要
近年来,抗生素在畜牧业生产中被广泛使用,导致其残留物大量进入农田土壤,造成农田土壤抗生素污染。在长期的抗生素暴露下,农田土壤中有机磷的矿化受到影响,提供给作物的有效磷下降,这一现象已经威胁到农田生态系统的生产力,对农田土壤生态系统功能产生了深远影响。但是,有关抗生素胁迫下农田土壤有机磷生物矿化的抑制机制目前仍存在诸多的未知。因此,文章系统梳理了农田土壤有机磷生物矿化的生态作用,抗生素抑制有机磷生物矿化的机制,同时探讨了当前相关研究存在的主要问题,并对未来研究方向进行展望。文章首先剖析了农田土壤有机磷生物矿化在维系土壤肥力、促进作物生长以及驱动磷循环等方面发挥的重要生态作用。随后,详细阐述了抗生素抑制农田土壤有机磷生物矿化的抑制机制,具体从以下6个维度展开:第一,抗生素能够改变土壤环境,影响土壤酸碱度、氧化还原电位等理化性质,进而间接破坏有机磷生物矿化所需的适宜环境条件;第二,直接抑制解磷微生物的活性,作为推动有机磷生物矿化的核心参与者,解磷微生物的结构会被抗生素破坏,代谢过程受到干扰,导致其活性降低甚至死亡;第三,阻碍磷矿化功能基因的表达,抗生素通过与基因表达相关的酶结合、干扰转录和翻译过程,从分子层面抑制磷矿化关键基因的表达,阻断有机磷生物矿化进程;第四,破坏土壤微生物群落结构,抗生素的使用会改变土壤微生物群落的组成和多样性,抑制优势菌群生长,促使一些虽具有耐药性但对有机磷生物矿化贡献较小的微生物大量繁殖,最终削弱整个微生物群落对有机磷的生物矿化能力;第五,降低磷酸酶活性,作为催化有机磷生物矿化的关键酶类,磷酸酶的活性位点能够与抗生素结合,其合成过程也会受到影响,导致酶活性下降;第六,抑制土壤有机物分解,由于土壤有机物分解过程中会释放结合态有机磷,而抗生素会抑制参与有机物分解的相关微生物和酶的活性,使得这部分有机磷难以被释放和矿化。本综述为抗生素影响农田土壤有机磷生物矿化领域的研究提供了一个全面的框架,有助于系统研究多种抗生素复合污染机制及其农田生态系统抗生素长期暴露的生态风险评估,为抗生素胁迫下矿质元素的生物矿化提供了一个全新的视角。
Recently,antibiotics have been widely used in livestock production,leading to a large amount of a ntibiotic residues entering farmland soils,resulting in antibiotic pollution in agricultural soils.Long-term exposure to antibiotics has affected the mineralization of organic phosphorus in agricultural soils,leading to a decrease in the availability of effective phosphorus for crops.This phenomenon has threatened the productivity of agricultural ecosystems and had a profound impact on the functions of farmland soil ecosystems.However,the mechanisms b ehind the inhibition of organic phosphorus biomineralization in farmland soils under antibiotic stress remain largely unknown.Therefore,this article systematically reviews the ecological role of organic phosphorus biomineralization in farmland soils,the mechanisms by which antibiotics inhibit organic phosphorus biomineralization,and the main issues in current research and provides an outlook on future research directions.Initially,the article analyzes the important ecological role of organic phosphorus biomineralization in farmland soils in maintaining soil fertility,p romoting crop growth,and driving the phosphorus cycle.It then elaborates on the mechanisms by which antibiotics inhibit organic phosphorus biomineralization in farmland soils,specifically addressing the following six dimensions:First,antibiotics can alter the soil environment,affecting the pH,redox potential,and other physical and chemical properties of the soil,thereby indirectly disrupting the suitable environmental conditions required for organic p hosphorus biomineralization.Second,antibiotics directly stop the work of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms,which are essential for helping organic phosphorus biomineralization happen.Antibiotics disrupt the structure of these microorganisms and interfere with their metabolic processes,resulting in reduced activity or even death.Third,antibiotics hinder the expression of functional genes that are essential for phosphorus mineralization.By binding to enzymes that are important for gene expression and interfering with the processes of transcription and translation,antibiotics prevent key genes needed for phosphorus mineralization from being activated,which stops the conversion of organic phosphorus into minerals at a molecular level.Fourth,antibiotics disrupt the soil microbial community structure.The use of antibiotics changes the makeup and variety of the microbial community,slows down the growth of the main microbial groups,and allows some antibiotic-resistant microorganisms to grow more,even though they do not help much with breaking down organic phosphorus.This effect ultimately weakens the microbial community’s ability to mineralize organic phosphorus.Fifth,antibiotics reduce phosphatase activity.Phosphatases are key enzymes that catalyze organic phosphorus biomineralization.Antibiotics bind to the active sites of these enzymes,and their synthesis is affected,leading to a reduction in enzyme activity.Sixth,antibiotics inhibit the decomposition of soil organic matter.During the decomposition of soil organic matter,bound organic phosphorus is released.However,antibiotics inhibit the activity of microorganisms and enzymes involved in the d ecomposition process,making it difficult for this organic phosphorus to be released and mineralized.This review gives a detailed guide for studying how antibiotics affect the natural process of turning organic phosphorus into minerals in farm soils,making it easier to understand how antibiotic pollution works and the risks of long-term a ntibiotic use in farming environments.It offers a novel perspective on the biomineralization of mineral elements under antibiotic stress.
作者
尹鑫磊
王磊
蔡柏岩
YIN Xinlei;WANG Lei;CAI Baiyan(Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology,Ministry of Education&Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region&Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology,College of Heilongjiang Province&School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期119-132,共14页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31972502)
黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2023C088)
黑龙江省生态环境保护科研项目(HST2022TR002)。
关键词
抗生素污染
农田土壤
有机磷生物矿化
解磷细菌
磷酸酶活性
antibiotic contamination
agricultural soil
organic phosphorus biomineralization
phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
phosphatase activity
