摘要
放射性核素^(137)Cs是最常见的人工放射性核素之一,其主要来源包括大气核试验的全球和局部沉降物、乏燃料后处理厂流出物及核事故释放。2011年福岛第一核电站事故后,大量^(137)Cs持续释放进入海洋,造成了海洋核污染。本文总结了^(137)Cs在海洋环境中的来源、分布及其在不同海洋生物体内的浓集行为,并分析了其对生态系统和人类健康的潜在威胁。结果表明:1)^(137)Cs因其高水溶性和类钾特性易被海洋生物吸收并沿食物链传递,不同海洋生物浓集特征存在显著差异;2)^(137)Cs在海洋中的迁移与浓集过程受水温、盐度、营养盐水平、生态系统结构及微生物活动等多因素调控;3)^(137)Cs在高营养级生物体内的累积可能提升辐射风险,核污染事件亦可能加剧其生态与食品安全隐患。目前我国近海鱼类监测结果显示其活度浓度水平整体低于安全限值,未来仍需进一步关注^(137)Cs生物浓集的动态变化和长期生态风险,为海洋环境安全与公众健康风险评估提供科学支撑。
Radiocaesium(^(137)Cs)is one of the most common artificial radionuclides,primarily originating from global and local fallout from atmospheric nuclear tests,discharges from spent fuel reprocessing plants,and releases from nuclear accidents.Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant(FDNPP)accident,large a mounts of^(137)Cs continued to be released into the marine environment,resulting in significant marine radioactivity contamination.This review summarizes the sources and distribution of^(137)Cs in the ocean and its bioaccumulation behavior in different marine organisms,and assesses its potential risks to ecosystems and human health.The results indicate that:1)Owing to its high solubility and potassium-like properties,^(137)Cs is readily taken up by marine o rganisms and transferred along the food chain,with distinct accumulation patterns among different species;2)The migration and accumulation of^(137)Cs are influenced by multiple factors,including water temperature,salinity,n utrient levels,ecosystem structure,and microbial activity;and 3)Accumulation of^(137)Cs in higher trophic-level o rganisms may increase radiation risks,and nuclear contamination events could exacerbate ecological and food safety concerns.Current monitoring of nearshore fish in China shows that^(137)Cs activity levels remain below safety limits,yet further attention is needed to the dynamic changes in bioaccumulation of^(137)Cs and its long-term ecological risks to provide scientific support for marine environmental safety and public health risk assessments.
作者
张睿
曹少飞
杜方旎
冯青靓
ZHANG Rui;CAO Shaofei;DU Fangni;FENG Qingliang(China Institute for Radiation Protection,CNNC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Environment Simulation and Evaluation Technology,Taiyuan 030006,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期35-48,共14页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
中核集团基础研究项目
中国辐射防护研究院创新团队基金(YC24010305)。
