摘要
针对水下无人动力平台对高效、稳定能源系统的需求,文中聚焦质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)输出电压强非线性、易波动的难题,提出一种基于模糊比例-积分-微分(PID)自适应控制的DC-DC变换器稳压策略。PEMFC输出电压因强非线性特性且易波动,传统控制方法在动态响应与鲁棒性方面存在局限。为此,建立了含能斯特电压及活化、欧姆、浓差损失的PEMFC数学模型,以及Boost升压电路模型,剖析其电压波动机理;设计了一种模糊PID控制器,其规则库深度耦合PID控制原理与PEMFC非线性特性,实现了PID参数的在线动态自整定,从而实时优化DC-DC变换器占空比。仿真结果表明:相较于传统PID控制,模糊PID控制可缩短系统调节时间,使稳态误差趋近于零,在电流突变工况下输出电压波动范围缩小至±0.5 V以内,且占空比响应更精准。该模糊PID自适应策略显著增强了系统的动态响应速度与鲁棒性,为水下无人平台能源系统的高效、稳定运行提供了可靠的理论支撑与解决方案。
Aiming at the demand of underwater unmanned power platform for an efficient and stable energy system,this paper focused on the problem of strong nonlinearity and easy fluctuation of the output voltage of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)and proposed a DC-DC converter voltage stabilization strategy based on the fuzzy proportional-integralderivative(PID)adaptive control.Due to the strong nonlinear characteristics of the output voltage of the PEMFC and its fluctuation trend,the traditional control methods have limitations in the dynamic response and robustness.Therefore,a mathematical model of PEMFC,including Nernst voltage and activation,ohmic,and concentration loss and a Boost boost circuit model were established to analyze the voltage fluctuation mechanism.A fuzzy PID controller was designed,with a rule base that deeply coupled the PID control principle with the nonlinear characteristics of PEMFC,which realized the online dynamic self-tuning of PID parameters to optimize the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter in real time.The simulation results show that compared with the traditional PID control,the fuzzy PID control can shorten the system regulation time,and the steady-state error tends to be close to zero;the output voltage fluctuation range is narrowed to within±0.5 V under the sudden current change condition,and the duty cycle response is more accurate.The fuzzy PID adaptive strategy significantly enhances the dynamic response speed and robustness of the system,providing a reliable theoretical cornerstone and solution for the efficient and stable operation of the energy system of the underwater unmanned platform.
作者
边洋震
肖宗亮
杨健
钟泉鸣
丁毅
张林
BIAN Yangzhen;XIAO Zongliang;YANG Jian;ZHONG Quanming;DING Yi;ZHANG Lin(College of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Naval Submarine Academy,Qingdao 266042,China;Zhejiang Baimahu Laboratory Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou 310007,China)
出处
《水下无人系统学报》
2025年第6期1014-1023,共10页
Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52075487,52442113).
关键词
水下无人动力平台
质子交换膜燃料电池
DC-DC变换器
模糊比例-积分-微分控制
稳压系统
动态响应
underwater unmanned power platform
proton exchange membrane fuelcell
DC-DC converter
fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative control
voltage stabilization system
dynamic response
