摘要
量子计算凭借量子叠加与纠缠特性,在理论层面展现出对特定问题的指数级加速潜力,如大整数分解、量子化学模拟等。超导量子计算机是量子计算机众多路线中极有可能实现通用量子计算的途径之一。然而,当前超导量子计算机极易受环境扰动,造成计算误差。文中系统梳理了超导量子计算中噪声的主要来源、类型及其影响,并提出应对措施与发展路线,旨在提升量子门保真度与相干时间,推动超导量子计算从理论走向实用化。
Quantum computing,leveraging the properties of quantum superposition and entanglement,demonstrates exponential acceleration potential for specific problems at the theoretical level,such as large integer factorization and quantum chemistry simulation.Superconducting quantum computers represent one of the most promising paths among various approaches to achieve universal quantum computing.However,current superconducting quantum computers are highly susceptible to environmental disturbances,leading to computational errors.This article systematically reviews the main sources,types,and impacts of noise in superconducting quantum computing,and proposes countermeasures and development paths aimed at enhancing the fidelity and coherence time of quantum gates,thereby promoting the transition of superconducting quantum computing from theory to practical application.
作者
张云
任勇
栾添
ZHANG Yun;REN Yong;LUAN Tian(China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology,Beijing 100041,China)
出处
《中国电子科学研究院学报》
2025年第5期498-505,557,共9页
Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology
基金
中国工程科技发展战略湖南研究院战略研究与咨询(2025WK1001)。
关键词
量子计算机
物理系统
量子算法
quantum computing
physical systems
quantum algorithms
