摘要
本研究基于碳、氮稳定同位素的指示,识别长山列岛海藻场仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)相对营养级的基础上,分析了野生和底播仿刺参主要食物来源。结果显示,海藻场仿刺参δ^(13)C平均值为–19.48‰,δ^(15)N平均值为8.81‰,其中,底播仿刺参δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N平均值分别为–19.13‰和9.97‰,野生仿刺参平均值为–19.84‰和7.66‰。野生仿刺参相对营养级为2.32,比海藻场底播区域仿刺参相对营养级3.00低0.68。食物源贡献度结果显示,大型藻对野生仿刺参具有最高的贡献度(0.78),进一步拆分食物源的分析结果显示,褐藻对海藻场野生仿刺参平均贡献度最高为0.320,其次是红藻(0.224)、绿藻(0.222);大型海藻对底播仿刺参平均贡献度为0.632;其中,拆分后绿藻为0.245,褐藻为0.221,红藻为0.166。本研究通过稳定同位素的指示,显示自然环境中海藻对仿刺参具有较高的食物源贡献。
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus,belonging to the family Stichopodidae,is primarily distributed in seaweed beds in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea of China.It is characterized as having high nutritional value and valued for its taste,containing polysaccharides,saponins,unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids,and other bioactive substances.It also possesses multiple biological functions,such as cancer prevention,immune regulation,prevention of digestive tract injuries,reduction of inflammation,and other pharmacological effects.The multiple nutrients and biological functions of sea cucumbers are influenced by the environment and output process.Food sources are considered the main factors leading to variation in their chemical composition.This study analyzed the trophic level and food sources of sea cucumber in the seaweed bed of Changshan Archipelago based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope(δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N)analysis.The averageδ^(13)C value of macroalgae was–20.24‰,ranging from–29.32‰to–11.19‰,while the averageδ^(15)N value was 8.13‰,ranging from 3.32‰to 14.64‰,which covered the distribution range of sea cucumber values.The averageδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of sea cucumbers from the study site were–19.48‰and 8.81‰,respectively,withδ^(13)C ranging from–22.04‰to–17.15‰andδ^(15)N ranging from 6.40‰to 11.54‰.The averageδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of sea cucumbers from the sowing area were–19.13‰and 9.97‰,significantly higher than those of wild sea cucumbers(P<0.01),which had values of–19.84‰and 7.66‰in the seaweed bed.These results indicated that macroalgae in the seaweed bed were the dominant food source of the wild sea cucumbers,while sowing sea cucumbers retained some stable isotopic characteristics acquired during the breeding process.The average relative trophic level of wild sea cucumbers was 2.32,the lowest among the marine animals collected,which was 0.68 lower than that of sea cucumbers in the sowing area(3.00).Sea cucumbers exhibited a low trophic level similar to other echinoderms,such as sea urchin(2.39±0.15),and shared this characteristic with most shellfish,including Abalone rugosa(2.33±0.08),Mussel purpurea(2.48±0.12),and oyster(2.56±0.12).However,the trophic level of mollusks such as shellfish was not significantly higher than that of sowing sea cucumbers.The trophic level of wild and sowing sea cucumber was significantly lower than that of sea star Asterias amurensis(3.33±0.50)(P<0.01).The trophic level results indicated that wild sea cucumbers were the primary consumers in the seaweed bed,with their potential food sources being local primary producers.Theδ^(13)C values of macroalgae ranged from–29.32‰to–11.19‰,andδ^(15)N values ranged from 3.32‰to 14.64‰,encompassing the stable isotope values of sea cucumbers,indicating that macroalgae contributed the majority to the diet of wild sea cucumbers with a contribution degree of 0.78.Based on this result,macroalgae were further subdivided into brown algae,green algae,and red algae as different food sources.The averageδ^(13)C of red algae was–22.80‰,ranging from–29.32‰to–17.70‰,which was significantly lower than that of green algae and brown algae(P<0.01).The averageδ^(15)N of red algae was 8.10‰,ranging from 6.12‰to 10.60‰.The averageδ^(13)C of brown algae was-20.10‰,ranging from–27.45‰to–14.61‰.The averageδ^(15)N of brown algae was 7.26‰,ranging from 3.32‰to 11.72‰,which was significantly lower than that of green algae and red algae(P<0.01),and close to that of wild sea cucumber(averageδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values were–19.84‰and 7.66‰,respectively).The averageδ^(13)C of green algae was–19.33‰,ranging from–24.76‰to–11.19‰.The averageδ^(15)N of green algae was 9.12‰,ranging from 4.72‰to 14.64‰,which was significantly higher than that of red algae and brown algae(P<0.01).The average contribution degree of brown algae to the diet of wild sea cucumber was 0.320,ranging from 0.02 to 0.76.The average contribution of red algae was 0.224,ranging from 0 to 0.56.The average contribution of green algae was 0.222,ranging from 0 to 0.52.The feeding preferences of wild sea cucumber in seaweed beds were as follows:large algae(brown algae>red algae>green algae)>microalgae>seagrass,and other marine organisms.Stable isotope analysis(SIA)has been proven to be a reliable and effective method for determining the geographical origin of aquatic products,which can be attributed to its contribution to food source traceability.The stable isotope characteristics of sea cucumbers indicate differences in food sources from different locations or production methods.To further compare these differences,sea cucumbers from other coastal areas were included in the discussion to reveal regional variations.In this study,we identified the differences between wild and cultured sea cucumbers from various growth localities in terms of food sources and stable isotope characteristics,which helped us understand the food sources of sea cucumbers in the seaweed beds and provide essential evidence for traceability.
作者
屈佩
于国旭
庞敏
杜丽侠
王鹏功
宫于琛
吴忠迅
初永忠
周军
孙畅
张朝晖
王宗灵
QU Pei;YU Guoxu;PANG Min;DU Lixia;WANG Penggong;GONG Yuchen;WU Zhongxun;CHU Yongzhong;ZHOU Jun;SUN Chang;ZHANG Zhaohui;WANG Zongling(First Institute of Oceanography,Observation and Research Station of Bohai Strait Eco-Corridor,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China;Changdao National Marine Park Management Center,Yantai 265899,China;WWF Beijing Office,Beijing 100037,China;China Certification&Inspection Group Shandong Testing Co.,LTD.,Qingdao 266000,China)
出处
《渔业科学进展》
北大核心
2026年第1期1-11,共11页
Progress in Fishery Sciences
基金
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MD027)
自然资源部渤海站开放基金(BH202407
BH202408)
深圳市地球自然基金(P00PF001022)共同资助。
关键词
仿刺参
稳定同位素
食物源
大型藻类
海草
Sea cucumber
Stable isotope
Food source
Macroalgae
Sea grass
