摘要
作为指导性案例,马乐案的再审改判确立了刑法第180条第4款增设的新罪应当全部援引前罪法定刑的规则。但本案的论证说理并不充分,这为理论研究提供了超越个案、系统反思刑法新增个罪解释规则的契机。本案再审改判的理由在于,利用未公开信息交易罪与内幕信息交易、泄露内幕信息罪的不法与责任具有相当性,本条第4款“情节严重的”规定只具有定罪属性,并且在实体法上排除存疑有利被告原则的适用。但按照奥卡姆剃刀原则,“若增实体,必有其意”。同一法条中新罪的增设必须具有独立意义,并且在解释时应当遵循条文内体系解释规则。就本案所涉两罪而言,两罪对应的信息存在差异,决定了两罪的不法与责任并不具有相当性,不能直接得出后罪全部援引前罪法定刑的结论。同时,因法律适用而不利于被告人的再审结果不应及于被告人。
As a guiding case,amending the judgement in the re-trial of the“MA Le case”established that newly added offences under Article 180(4)of the Criminal Law should fully invoke the statutory penalties of prior offences.However,the reasoning provided in this case is not entirely sufficient,offering an opportunity for theoretical research to reflect systematically on the interpretative rules for newly added criminal provisions beyond individual cases.The rationale for amending the judgement in the re-trial rests on the alleged equivalence between the unlawfulness and liability of trading in undisclosed information and the offenses of insider trading and disclosure of insider information.The“serious circumstances”clause in Article 180(4)is treated solely as a conviction criterion,and the principle in dubio pro reo is excluded under substantive law.Yet,according to the Ockham’s razor principle,“if an entity is added,it must have a purpose”.Newly added offences within the same provision must possess independent significance,and interpretation should follow intra-textual systematic rules.For the two offences involved in this case,differences in the corresponding information mean that their unlawfulness and liability are not equivalent,and one cannot directly conclude that the statutory penalties of the prior offence apply fully to the new offence.Moreover,a retrial outcome that is unfavourable to the defendant due to legal interpretation should not be applied retroactively to the defendant.
作者
吕露鹏
蔡道通
LV Lu-peng;CAI Dao-tong
出处
《求是学刊》
北大核心
2025年第6期121-133,共13页
Seeking Truth
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“经济犯罪类型化与刑事违法判断相对性研究”(21BFX175)。
关键词
马乐案
奥卡姆剃刀原则
条文内体系解释
类比论证
MA Le case
Ockham’s razor
intra-textual systematic interpretation
analogical reasoning
