摘要
当代资本主义的权力机制如何实现从外部规训向内部驱动的转变,是韩炳哲“精神政治学”理论试图回答的核心问题。他通过“绩效社会”“倦怠社会”等概念,揭示了资本主义权力内化为个体自我剥削的逻辑,凸显了精神压迫的隐蔽性与普遍性。然而,这种分析主要停留在现象学和存在论层面,较少触及资本主义的经济基础和生产关系,因此在批判深度和实践可行性上存在局限。文章通过将韩炳哲的“精神政治学”与马克·费舍尔的“资本主义现实主义”进行对读,进一步揭示出二者在批判路径上的关键差异:尽管同样关注当代资本主义所引发的精神异化现象,韩炳哲的分析多停留于个体层面的审美化抵抗,而费舍尔则致力于将文化症状置于经济结构与制度逻辑的整体框架中加以阐释,从而更具结构性与现实解释力。基于此,文章最终强调,只有回归历史唯物主义关于生产方式与社会关系的总体分析框架,才能超越表层的文化批判,真正揭示精神政治运作机制背后的物质根源,并为克服资本主义的结构性矛盾、开辟现实的解放路径提供理论基础。
How contemporary capitalism transforms its mechanisms of power from external discipline to internalized self-regulation is the central question that Byung-Chul Han’s theory of“psychopolitics”seeks to address.Through concepts such as the“achievement society”and the“burnout society”,Han reveals how capitalist power becomes internalized as individual self-exploitation,highlighting both the hidden and ubiquitous nature of psychological domination.However,his analysis largely remains at phenomenological and ontological levels and engages insufficiently with the economic base and relations of production.As a result,it exhibits limitations in both critical depth and practical applicability.By juxtaposing Han’s psychopolitics with Mark Fisher’s capitalist realism,this article identifies key differences in their critical approaches.While both diagnose the psychic alienation characteristic of contemporary capitalism,Han’s critique often remains at the level of individual aestheticized resistance,whereas Fisher situates cultural symptoms within a broader framework of economic structures and institutional logics—thus offering a more structural and materially grounded account.Building on this comparison,the article argues that only by returning to the holistic analytical framework of historical materialism—centred on modes of production and social relations—can one move beyond surface-level cultural critique to reveal the material roots of psychopolitical operations.Such a return provides a theoretical foundation for confronting capitalism’s structural contradictions and for opening realistic paths toward emancipation.
作者
徐秦法
赵梓成
XU Qin-fa;ZHAO Zi-cheng
出处
《求是学刊》
北大核心
2025年第6期56-64,共9页
Seeking Truth
