摘要
目的分析2019—2023年广东省新发职业病的流行病学特征。方法通过国家职业病网络直报系统收集广东省2019—2023年报告的新发职业病病例资料,分析其疾病谱构成与地区、行业和人群分布特征。结果广东省2019—2023年共报告4136例新发职业病病例,病例数量总体呈下降趋势。新发职业病涉及8大类53种职业病;病例数居前5位的职业病分类分别为职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病、职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病、物理因素所致职业病、职业性化学中毒和职业性肿瘤,共占98.62%;病例数居前10位的职业病病种依次为职业性噪声聋、职业性矽肺、职业性其他尘肺病、职业性慢性苯中毒、职业性中暑、职业性手臂振动病、职业性煤工尘肺、职业性电焊工尘肺、职业性肿瘤(苯所致白血病)和职业性慢性正己烷中毒,共占94.85%。89.19%病例分布于珠江三角洲地区;84.89%病例分布于制造业。男性病例占87.02%;诊断年龄主要集中于>40~60岁,占74.73%。结论广东省2019—2023年新发职业病呈现分类与病种集中、地区病种分布两极化、行业集聚化、人群分布差异化的特征,正从双元疾病高发病种向多元疾病高发病种结构逐步演变。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2023.Methods Data on newly diagnosed occupational diseases reported in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2023 were collected from the national occupational disease network reporting system.The spectrum of occupational diseases and their distribution by region,industry,and population were analyzed.Results A total of 4136 newly diagnosed occupational disease cases were reported in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2023,showing an overall downward trend.Newly diagnosed cases were classified into eight categories and 53 types of occupational diseases.In terms of the number of cases,the top five categories were occupational diseases of the ear,nose,throat and oral cavity;occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases;occupational diseases caused by physical factors;occupational chemical poisoning;and occupational tumors,accounting for 98.62%of all cases.The top ten specific disease types were occupational noise-induced deafness,occupational silicosis,occupational other pneumoconiosis,occupational chronic benzene poisoning,occupational heatstroke,occupational hand-arm vibration disease,occupational coal workers′pneumoconiosis,occupational welders′pneumoconiosis,occupational tumor(leukemia caused by benzene exposure),and occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning,accounting for 94.85%of all cases.Most of the cases were distributed in the Pearl River Delta region,accounting for 89.19%;as well as manufacturing industry,accounting for 84.89%.Male cases accounted for 87.02%.Most diagnoses occurred in individuals aged>40-60 years,accounting for 74.73%.Conclusion Newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2023 showed the following characteristics:concentration of categories and disease types,polarization of regional distribution,industry clustering,and population difference.The disease spectrum is evolving from a dual-disease predominance toward a multi-disease predominance.
作者
杨翰坤
梁顺华
曾玉梨
王艳艳
余意玉
华明
黄永顺
YANG Hankun;LIANG Shunhua;ZENG Yuli;WANG Yanyan;YU Yiyu;HUA Ming;HUANG Yongshun(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China)
出处
《中国职业医学》
2025年第4期416-420,共5页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
广东省医学科学技术研究基金(B2022194)
国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-09)。
关键词
职业病
疾病谱
流行病学特征
地区
行业
Occupational diseases
Disease spectrum
Epidemiological characteristics
Region
Industry
