摘要
国家创新系统理论自20世纪90年代前后提出以来,主要围绕美国、日本、丹麦发达国家情境展开讨论,并逐步延伸至中国后发追赶情境展开历史追随与量化评价等研究分支。然而,随着党的十八大提出“创新驱动发展战略”,建设中国特色社会主义新时代,我国国家创新体系建设的内在逻辑与外部环境均产生转向,亟待展开新发展情境下国家创新体系的理论分析与政策研判。由此,聚焦国家创新系统理论面向我国新发展情境,从国家创新系统的文献回顾、国家创新系统面向新发展情境的转型特征,以及当前我国国家创新体系面临的问题与挑战等做讨论。结果发现:第一,新发展情境下我国国家创新体系表现四大转向,包括:国家创新体系的内涵核心由“自主创新”转向“高水平自立自强”,制度基础由“经济建设为中心”转向“支持全面创新”,发展情境由“工业化”转向“数字化”,外部环境由“全球合作”转向“竞合博弈”;第二,新发展情境下我国国家创新体系面临四方面挑战,包括:核心要素“高质量人才”制约,内部子系统运作协调掣肘,整体效能强规模优势弱质量效应,外部环境嵌入国际封锁限制致使产业链创新链脱钩风险加剧。
Since the emergence of the National Innovation System(NIS)theory in the early 1990s,NIS has mainly fo-cused on developed countries such as the United States,Japan,and Denmark,and gradually extended to China's catch-up context,followed by two literature streams including the historical perspective and the quantitative evaluation of China's NIS.However,since China's government proposed"Innovation-Driven Development Strategy"and targeted the High-Quali-ty Development as the strategic agenda,the country has entered a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Both the internal logic and external environment of China's NIS have shifted significantly,making the revisiting of NIS in the context of China's new era matter.Accordingly,the study focuses on the systematically theoretical review of NIS theory and the analysis of NIS theory's application in the context of China's new development era.Specifically,the study reviews the NIS literature,and the main issues and context characteristics of NIS literature embedded in the diverse geographical contexts(developed countries like USA,Japan,Denmark),and analyzes the transition and transformation characteristics of China's NIS in the new develop-ment era,as well as the problems and challenges currently faced by the China's NIS.The study is mainly based on the content analysis toward both literature and policy.First,based on the historical evolu-tionary perspective,the study reviews and evaluates the evolution of NIS literature toward major developed countries,as well as the evolution of NIS literature in the Chinese context.Then,through the policy content analysis combining with the domestically development context and the externally environmental characteristics,the study revisits the transition and the transformation challenges of the China's NIS.The results of the study indicate that:first,the development of China's NIS in the context of the new development era has shown four major changes,involving:the core connotation has shifted from"indigenous innovation"to"high-level self-reliance and self-improvement",the institutional basis has shifted from"innovation-driven economic development"to"comprehensive innovation based-on science and technology innovation",the development context has shifted from"indus-trialization"to"digitization",and the external environment has shifted from"global cooperation"to"competition";second,the development of China's NIS in the new development era faces four challenges,including the constraints of high-quality talents,the coordination difficulties regarding the operation of internal subsystems,the overall efficiency of NIS urgently needs to shift from scale orientation to the high-quality development,and the organized sanctions in the high-tech fields leading to the increased risks of decoupling and disconnection of the innovation chains and the industrial chains.According-ly,the study conducts policy implications.The study contributes the NIS literature by revisiting the NIS theory in the China's new development context,and fur-ther proposes policy implications from three aspects:First,we should leverage the new national institutional mechanism for strategic,cutting-edge,and systematic major scientific and technological innovation activities,making it coordinated by the Central Science and Technology Commission and collaborated by various national departments.At the same time,we should strengthen the dominant role of enterprises in the NIS,enhance the high-quality development requirements of lead-ing technological enterprises,stimulate the roles of leading technological enterprises on innovation sources and industry chain leaders,and improve the operation of NIS under the goal of S&T-driven industrial innovation,large-medium-and small-enterprises'collaborations,and cooperation between state-owned and private enterprises.Second,we should accelerate the high-level opening up of China,focus on improving the public relations and S&T competition and cooperation dynamics with the United States,Europe,the Asia Pacific,Africa,the countries among the Belt and Road Initiatives,so as to establish an overall coordination based on the"China's national science and technology strategy",and promote the high-quality opening of the NIS.Also as an important policy pivot for high-level opening up,it is necessary to accelerate the construction of a world talent center and innovation highland,establish a mechanism for the flow of international innovative talents,increase the institutional protection and scientific research environment support for top S&T talents,and strengthen the ecosystem construction of S&T culture and innovation atmosphere in the whole society.Third,we should strengthen the quality evaluation and improvement of the efficiency of China's NIS,for achieving the goal of building new quality productive forces.We should establish a benchmarking and independent system with the world's technological powerhouse,and conduct benchmarking and asymmetric competition around key areas such as cut-ting-edge technologies,future industries,disruptive technologies,transformation and upgrading of traditional fields,and bot-tleneck issues.
作者
梅亮
张娜娜
MEI Liang;ZHANG Nana(China Center for Economic Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;National School of Development,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)
出处
《科学学与科学技术管理》
北大核心
2025年第11期59-71,共13页
Science of Science and Management of S.& T.
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(72174005,72102013,72574010,72232004)。
关键词
国家创新系统
中国情境
科技体制
创新政策
national innovation system
China's context
science and technology institution
innovation policy
