摘要
南北关系深刻影响着国际发展合作前景。近年来,中国更加积极地参与并引领全球发展治理,国际发展政策从南方国家向北方国家发生扩散的现象愈加常见,成为值得关注且亟待理论探讨的重大现实议题。围绕南—北政策扩散是否发生以及怎样发生,作者首先从重点领域、融资方式和伙伴关系三方面提炼中国参与国际发展合作的政策创新,识别北方国家的政策趋同,包括更加重视基础设施合作项目、更加接受以开发性金融为代表的混合融资模式、更加强调与受援国之间务实的互利伙伴关系,进而确认了南—北政策扩散正在发生。与此同时,北方国家参与国际发展合作时的政策趋异现象也不容忽视。为解释政策调整中趋同与趋异并存的“一体两面”,作者进一步考察了竞争驱动型政策扩散的“存同求异”动力机制。“存同”意味着国际压力的提高使政策趋同变得难以避免,“求异”则表示国内结构的差异使国家会主动追求政策趋异。关注国际发展领域南—北政策扩散的事实与机制,有助于丰富关于跨国政策扩散的研究议程,形成理解国家间政策协同演化的分析框架,为中国在国际发展领域的知识生产和知识传播提供新视角,进而推动全球发展治理体系改革完善,构建全球发展共同体。
South-North relations profoundly shape the prospects for international development cooperation.In recent years,as China has become more active in participating in and leading global development governance,the diffusion of international development policies from the South to the North has become increasingly visible,which warrants close attention and urgent theoretical inquiry.To examine whether and how South-North policy diffusion occurs,the author first summarized China's policy innovations in international development cooperation along three dimensions—priority issue areas,financing modalities,and partnership narratives—and then identified policy convergence between Northern donors and China,including a renewed emphasis on infrastructure cooperation projects,broader acceptance of blended financing model centered on development finance,and a stronger emphasis on pragmatic and mutually beneficial partnerships,thereby confirming the occurrence of South-North policy diffusion.Meanwhile,policy divergence in Northern donors'development cooperation should not be overlooked.To explain why policy adjustments exhibit the duality of convergence and divergence,the author further develops a competition-driven diffusion mechanism of“compelled convergence while seeking divergence”.Compelled convergence highlights that the rising international pressure makes policy convergence unavoidable,whereas seeking divergence underscores that differences in domestic structures render strategic policy differentiation attainable.Focusing on the experience and mechanisms of South-North policy diffusion in the field of international development helps enrich the research agenda on transnational policy diffusion,and develops an analytical framework for understanding policy co-evolution among major powers.It also provides new perspectives for China's knowledge production and diffusion in international development,thereby advancing the reforms of the global development governance system and jointly building a global community of development.
作者
陈兆源
CHEN Zhaoyuan(the Institute of World Economics and Politics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
北大核心
2025年第12期48-77,162,163,共32页
World Economics and Politics
基金
中国社会科学院重大交办项目“国际经济形势跟踪与全球经济治理研究”(项目批准号:2024YZDJ020)的阶段性成果。
关键词
全球发展治理
跨国政策扩散
国际发展合作
协同演化
知识生产
global development governance
transnational policy diffusion
international development cooperation
co-evolution
knowledge production
