摘要
为研究早播对黑龙江省早熟区大豆光合、产量及品质的影响,筛选适宜黑龙江省北部地区早播的大豆品种,以黑龙江省早熟区佳豆52、沃豆5号、佳豆33、黑河43、东生19、合农95为试验材料,分析不同播期、不同生育时期植株叶片相对叶绿素含量和成熟期后农艺性状、产量及品质。结果表明:早播能够显著提升佳豆52、沃豆5号、佳豆33的产量和品质,适当早播可显著提高东生19单产,但早播会使黑河43和合农95单产显著降低。从生理指标和农艺性状来看,早播能显著降低苗期植株叶片的SPAD值,同时显著增加百粒重。进一步分析发现,早播大豆的单产与品种呈显著相关,与苗期植株叶片SPAD值呈显著负相关,与鼓粒期植株叶片SPAD值呈极显著负相关;与有效节数、有效荚数、单株粒数、单株重、单株粒重呈极显著正相关,与有效分枝、籽粒水分呈显著正相关。在品质方面,大豆蛋白与盛荚期植株叶片SPAD值、水溶蛋白呈极显著正相关,与有效节数、单株粒数、脂肪呈显著负相关;而大豆脂肪与蛋白呈显著负相关,与水溶蛋白呈极显著负相关。综上,佳豆52、沃豆5、佳豆33适宜早播,东生19适宜适当早播,黑河43和合农95不适宜早播,早播能显著提高百粒重、有效节数、有效荚数、单株粒数、单株重、单株粒重、有效分枝、籽粒水分,能显著降低苗期和鼓粒期植株叶片SPAD值等。此外盛荚期植株叶片SPAD值和水溶蛋白的值越高,有效节数、单数粒数和脂肪的值越小,大豆蛋白含量越高;大豆蛋白和水溶蛋白值越高,脂肪含量越低。
In order to study the effects of early sowing on the photosynthesis,yield,and quality of soybean in the early maturing area of Heilongjiang province,and to screen suitable soybean varieties for early sowing in the northern part of Heilongjiang province,this study used six soybean varieties,Jiadou52,Wodou5,Jiadou33,Heihe43,Dongsheng19,and Henong95,from the early maturing area of Heilongjiang province as materials.Three sowing stages were set,ultra early sowing(sowing periodⅠ),early sowing(sowing periodⅡ),and suitable sowing(sowing periodⅢ).The effects of early sowing on the relative chlorophyll content of soybean leaves during the seedling stage(V4),peak flowering stage(R2),peak pod stage(R4),and bulging stage(R6),as well as the agronomic traits,yield,and quality after maturity were analyzed.The results indicate that early sowing can significantly improve the yield or quality of three soybean varieties,Jiadou52,Wodou5,and Jiadou33.Appropriate early sowing can significantly increase the yield of Dongsheng 19.However,early sowing significantly reduces the yield of two soybean varieties,Heihe43 and Henong95.From physiological indicators and agronomic traits,early sowing can significantly reduce the SPAD value of plant leaves during the seedling stage,while significantly increasing the hundredgrain weight.Further analysis revealed that the yield of early sown soybeans showed a significant correlation with the variety,with a significant negative correlation with the SPAD value of plant leaves during the seedling stage and a highly significant negative correlation with the SPAD value of plant leaves during the grain filling stage;There is a highly significant positive correlation with the number of effective nodes,effective pods,number of grains per plant,single plant weight,and single plant grain weight,and a significant positive correlation with effective branching and grain water splitting.In terms of quality,soy protein is significantly positively correlated with SPAD value and water-soluble protein in the leaves of flowering plants,and significantly negatively correlated with effective node number,number of grains per plant,and fat.However,soybean fat is significantly negatively correlated with protein and extremely significantly negatively correlated with water-soluble protein.In summary,Jiadou52,Wodou5,and Jiadou33 are suitable for early sowing,Dongsheng19 is suitable for appropriate early sowing,and Heihe43 and Henong95 are not suitable for early sowing.Early sowing can significantly increase hundred-grain weight,effective nodes,effective pods,single plant grain number,single plant weight,single plant grain weight,effective branching,and grain water content.It significantly reduces the SPAD value of plant leaves in the seedling stage and the SPAD value of plant leaves in the bulging stage.In addition,the higher the SPAD value and water-soluble protein value of plant leaves during the peak pod period,the smaller the number of effective nodes,odd grains,and fat value,and the higher the soy protein content;The higher the values of soy protein and water-soluble protein,the lower the fat content.
作者
徐杰飞
张玉先
郑伟
李灿东
王志新
张振宇
赵星棋
王象然
XU Jiefei;ZHANG Yuxian;ZHENG Wei;LI Candong;WANG Zhixin;ZHANGZhenyu;ZHAO Xingqi;WANG Xiangran(Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Soybean Industry Technology System,Jiamusi 154007,China;College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University,Daqing 163316,China)
出处
《吉林农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期894-901,共8页
Journal of Jilin Agricultural University
基金
黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程项目(CX22JQ02)
农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD0403103)
黑龙江省农业科学院中晚熟高产优质广适应大豆新品种选育推广与产业化开发项目(CX23ZD04)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-04-CES05)。
关键词
大豆
早播
产量
品质
黑龙江省
soybean variety
early sowing
yield
quality
Heilongjiang province
