摘要
大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]在世界各地均有栽培,是重要的经济作物之一,大豆不但为人类供给营养,同时也为动物饲料提供配方原料。近年来,中国的大豆育种研究已取得了重大突破,极大地提高了大豆产业的生产力。然而,传统大豆育种方法主要依靠表型的人工选择,存在育种周期长、成本高以及育种定向性低等问题,这就限制了大豆育种遗传增益的加速。基因组选择(Genomic selection,GS)提供了一种利用遗传信息进行育种决策的替代方法。植物育种计划能否实现预期目标最重要的就是杂交组合的选择,并不是所有可能的杂交组合都能进行评估,因此在杂交之前预测每个组合的有用性至关重要。基因组选配(Genomic mating,GM)为预测双亲群体无限后代池的加性遗传方差,确定最佳的杂交伴侣组合,为获得理想的杂交后代表现提供了可行性策略。因此对大豆育种工作目前面临的挑战、传统育种方法的局限性以及基因组选择和基因组选配在提高育种效率方面的应用进行综述,旨在探讨有效应用基因组选择和基因组选配方法,推动大豆育种的创新与发展,助力实现更高的遗传增益和产业效益。
Soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]has become a crop of global economic importance,providing human nutrition and serving as a key ingredient in animal feed.China's soybean breeding research has achieved significant breakthroughs in recent years,substantially bolstering the productivity of its soybean industry.However,traditional soybean breeding methods primarily rely on the artificial selection of phenotypes,leading to challenges such as long breeding cycle,high cost,and limited breeding focus.These issues hinder the acceleration of genetic improvements in soybean breeding.Genomic selection(GS)offers an alternative approach by utilizing genetic information to inform breeding decisions.One of the most critical decisions in plant breeding is selecting the right hybrid combination.Since not all potential hybrid combinations can be evaluated,it is essential to predict the effectiveness of each combination before hybridization.Genomic mating(GM)can estimate the additive genetic variance of potential offspring from parent plants.This information can help identify the best hybrid partners and achieve optimal performance in hybrid offspring.This paper reviews the challenges facing soybean breeding,the limitations of traditional methods,and the applications of Genomic selection and Genomic mating to enhance breeding efficiency.The goal is to explore how effective GS and GM can foster innovation and development in soybean breeding,ultimately leading to higher genetic gains and industrial benefits.
作者
李广
魏天娇
孟凡凡
谢建国
王明亮
孙星邈
张云峰
范旭红
郑宇宏
王曙明
蒋洪蔚
LI Guang;WEI Tianjiao;MENG Fanfan;XIE Jianguo;WANG Mingliang;SUN Xingmiao;ZHANG Yunfeng;FAN Xuhong;ZHENG Yuhong;WANG Shuming;JIANG Hongwei(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China),Changchun 130033,China)
出处
《吉林农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期761-771,共11页
Journal of Jilin Agricultural University
基金
吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022RCB001,CXGC2023RCG003,CXGC2024ZD002)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32201825)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20240101243JC)
国家大豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-04-PS08)。
关键词
大豆
基因组选择
基因组选配
育种
Glycine max(L.)Merr.
Genomic selection
Genomic mating
breeding
