深部找矿:金属矿地震技术的机遇与挑战被引量：1

Deep Mineral Exploration: Opportunities and Challenges in Reflection Seismics

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摘要结合地质和钻孔资料,传统的重磁电、放射性物探技术可为寻找隐伏与深部金属矿提供量化的密度、磁性、电阻率与极化率、放射性等物性约束,反射地震能提供高精度、高分辨率层位与构造几何结构约束,重磁电震联合可大幅提高金属矿的勘查精度.但是,限于金属矿探测面临的复杂地表与地下构造等条件,传统反射地震技术采集成本高昂、纵波反射地震技术的多解性,已成为金属矿地震勘查技术面临的两个核心问题.在现代传感与通讯、计算机技术快速发展的带动下,针对如何降低金属矿地震探测成本和满足复杂地表与构造成像适应性的直接找矿需求,借鉴现代地震技术已在工程地质、化石能源等领域取得的最新研究成果,在重点剖析金属矿地震探测难点和挑战的基础上,给出了主被动源地震联合、人工智能地震采集、多分量地震散射成像、多场多波联合的技术方案.在此基础上,针对现有地震理论和方法的不足,讨论了需要重点攻关的研究方向. Integrating geological and drilling data,traditional geophysical techniques such as gravity,magnetic,and electrical surveys provide quantifiable constraints on density,magnetic susceptibility,resistivity and polarization,for locating concealed and deep-seated metallic ores.Since seismic exploration offers higher spatial resolution on strata and structural geometry,its combination with gravity,magnetic,and electrical methods can significantly enhance exploration accuracy of metallic ores.Due to the complex terrain and subsurface geological conditions encountered in metallic ore exploration,however,the traditional reflection seismic method faces two major challenges:high acquisition costs and multiplicity of only P-wave velocity tomography.Therefore,based on modern sensing,communication and computing technologies,in this paper it draws on the latest seismic techniques applied in engineering geology and fossil energy to address how to reduce the cost of seismic survey and improve the imaging accuracy in conditions of complex surface and subsurface geological structures of metallic ores.After thorough analysis of the challenges in metallic ore seismic exploration,it proposes several technical solutions,including the combined use of active and passive source seismic,artificial intelligence-based seismic acquisition technique to decrease the seismic acquisition cost substantially,multi-component seismic scattering imaging,and joint inversion for multiple physical parameters to improve accuracy of predicting ore deposits.Additionally,it discusses key issues that should be addressed in the future regarding the limitations of current seismic theories and techniques.

作者王赟陈晓非底青云霍守东刘国峰李颖达彭淼胡祥云钱忠平李建国 Wang Yun;Chen Xiaofei;Di Qingyun;Huo Shoudong;Liu Guofeng;Li Yingda;Peng Miao;Hu Xiangyun;Qian Zhongping;Li Jianguo(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Department of Earth and Space Sciences,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;School of Geophysics and Geomatics,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;BGP Inc.,China National Petroleum Corporation,Zhuozhou 072751,China;Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration of Shanxi Province,Yuncheng 044004,China)