摘要
电子鼻是一种利用气体传感器阵列结合模式识别算法,对复杂气味进行整体感知与分析的人工嗅觉系统。然而,人工嗅觉相较其他类人感知长期滞后。为此,从体系化视角构建了电子鼻技术的全链条认知框架,围绕以下6个核心内容展开综述:①梳理电子鼻技术发展脉络,厘清各阶段技术特征与演进逻辑;②阐释其工作原理与系统架构,明确各功能模块协同机制;③聚焦敏感元件这一硬件核心,从响应机理、材料特性及结构设计展开解析;④剖析传统数据处理与模式识别方法与前沿智能算法的差异、适用性及发展趋势;⑤结合典型领域实证案例,论述技术落地现状与挑战;⑥探讨前沿研究方向,分析产业化瓶颈并提出未来路径。当前电子鼻技术已从机械鼻、阵列式化学传感器演进至商用系统,其中材料的纳米化与算法的智能化显著提升了性能,并在疾病诊断、农业监测、公共安全及能源等领域的应用得到广泛探索。未来电子鼻技术的突破将不再依赖单一层面的局部优化,而在于构建多层协同的体系化架构。综述构建了电子鼻技术的完整知识框架,可为电子鼻传感技术研究及其转化和应用提供参考。
An electronic nose(e-nose)is an artificial olfaction system that employs an array of gas sensors combined with pattern recognition algorithms to achieve holistic perception and analysis of complex odors.Compared with other human-like sensory modalities,artificial olfaction has long lagged.Accordingly,this review constructs a comprehensive,system-level framework of electronic nose technology from a holistic perspective as follows:①tracing the development trajectory of electronic nose technology and clarifying the characteristics and evolution of each stage;②explaining its working principles and system architecture,highlighting the coordination among functional modules;③analyzing the sensing elementsthrough their response mechanisms,material properties,and structural design;④comparing traditional data processing and pattern recognition methods with advanced intelligent algorithms in terms of differences,applicability,and development trends;⑤summarizing practical deployment and challenges based on representative application cases;and⑥discussing frontier research directions and identifying industrial bottlenecks.E-nose technology has progressed from mechanical devices and array-based chemical sensors to commercial systems,with material nanostructuring and intelligent algorithms significantly enhancing performance.These advances have enabled applications in disease diagnosis,agriculture,public safety,and energy.Future breakthroughs will depend on coordinated innovations across sensing materials,device design,intelligent algorithms,and system architecture.This review provides a comprehensive,holistic reference for researchers and practitioners,guiding both the study and practical deployment of electronic nose systems.
作者
吴巍炜
屈丹瑶
姜雪
杨智博
刘涛平
WU Weiwei;QU Danyao;JIANG Xue;YANG Zhibo;LIU Taoping(Key Laboratory of Artificial Olfaction of Shaanxi Higher Education Institutes,School of Information Mechanics and Sensing Engineering,Xidian University,Xi'an 710126,China;Faculty of Chemical Engineering,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa 3200003,Israel;Chengdu Gaotong Isotope Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China;Shenzhen BYD Lithium Battery Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518118,China)
出处
《西北大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期1201-1219,共19页
Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(62501457)
陕西省自然科学基金青年项目(2024JC-YBQN-0623)。
关键词
电子鼻
气体传感器
人工嗅觉
人工智能
传感器阵列
electronic nose
gas sensor
artificial olfaction
artificial intelligence
sensors array
