摘要
目的了解邯郸市市售食品中铅污染状况,并评估当地居民膳食铅摄入的健康风险。方法在邯郸市18个县市区采集10类食品的335份样本,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)对样品中的铅含量进行高精度的定量分析。结合第五次中国总膳食研究中居民膳食消费量数据,计算膳食中铅暴露量,并采用暴露边际比(margin of exposure,MOE)、单因子污染指数法对人群健康风险进行评估。结果铅的总体检出率为69.85%,超标率为1.49%,铅含量平均值为0.061 mg/kg,其中藻类食品的铅检测均值最高,为0.201 mg/kg。10类食品的单因子污染指数均小于0.6,其中肉类的单因子污染指数为0.57,接近一级产品分级标准(0.6)。蔬菜、谷物和肉类是成年男性膳食铅暴露的主要来源,贡献率合计高达78.41%。其日均总暴露量为0.896µg/(kg·d),而偏高暴露量则达到3.198µg/(kg·d);合计MOE(平均值)为1.34,合计MOE(P95)为0.38。蔬菜、谷物和肉类是成年女性膳食铅暴露的主要来源,贡献率合计高达78.27%。其日均总暴露量为0.926µg/(kg·d),而偏高暴露量则达到3.374µg/(kg·d);合计MOE(平均值)为1.30,合计MOE(P95)为0.36。结论邯郸市居民的膳食铅暴露水平总体处于可接受范围,风险较低。蔬菜、谷物、肉类膳食暴露贡献比较大。然而膳食高暴露人群的风险水平较高,需采取措施减少邯郸市居民铅膳食暴露风险。
Objective To investigate the extent of lead contamination in commercially available foods in Handan and assess the health risks of dietary lead intake in the local population.Methods The 335 samples of 10 types of food were collected in 18 counties and districts of Handan City,and lead detection was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Based on the dietary consumption data of the population in the Fifth China Total Diet Study,dietary lead exposure was calculated and the population health risk was evaluated by using the margin of exposure(MOE)and the one-factor pollution index method.Results The overall detection rate of lead was 69.85%,the over-standard rate was 1.49%.The average lead content was 0.061 mg/kg,of which the highest average value of lead detection was 0.201 mg/kg in algae food.The single-factor contamination index of the 10 types of food was all less than 0.6,among which the single-factor contamination index of meat was 0.57,approaching the first-level product classification standard(0.6).The average daily total exposure of lead in the main diet for adult men was 0.896μg/(kg·d),the high exposure was 3.198μg/(kg·d),and the combined contribution rate of vegetables,grains,and meat was 78.41%.The total MOE(average value)was 1.34,and the total MOE(P95)was 0.38.The average daily total exposure of lead in the main diet for adult women was 0.926μg/(kg·d),the high exposure was 3.374μg/(kg·d),and the combined contribution rate of vegetables,grains and their products was 78.27%.The total MOE(average value)was 1.30,and the total MOE(P95)was 0.36.Conclusion There is a certain degree of lead contamination in foods in Handan City.Vegetables,grains and meats contribute more to dietary exposure.The dietary lead exposure risk of residents in Handan City is relatively low and within an acceptable range.The risk of lead exposure for people with high dietary exposure is high.Measures need to be taken to reduce the risk of lead dietary exposure among residents in Handan City.
作者
方彦飞
连莹莹
韩永红
白彤彤
刘梦瑜
高腾
李伟昊
FANG Yan-Fei;LIAN Ying-Ying;HAN Yong-Hong;BAI Tong-Tong;LIU Meng-Yu;GAO Teng;LI Wei-Hao(Handan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Handan 056002,China)
出处
《食品安全质量检测学报》
2025年第24期184-191,共8页
Journal of Food Safety and Quality
基金
邯郸市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(23422083173)。
关键词
铅
膳食暴露
暴露边际比
风险评估
lead
dietary exposure
margin of exposure
risk assessment
