摘要
电石渣(CS)是氯碱工业中电石(CaC_(2))水解生产乙炔(C_(2)H_(2))过程中产生的富钙碱性固体废弃物。大量堆存的电石渣不仅占用土地资源,造成钙资源的浪费,还存在环境污染风险。为实现电石渣的高效资源化利用,本研究以电石渣为钙源,通过微波辐照法成功合成了羟基磷灰石(MW-CS-HAP),并将其用于水中Cu^(2+)的吸附去除。通过XRD、SEM、XPS及BET比表面积分析对材料进行表征,结果证实以电石渣为钙源成功合成了羟基磷灰石,且所合成的MW-CS-HAP具有较高的比表面积(82.082 m^(2)/g)。相较于商业羟基磷灰石(S-HAP)及以硝酸钙为钙源制备的羟基磷灰石(MW-Ca-HAP),MW-CS-HAP表现出更优的吸附性能。在优化合成条件(pH=10.5,Ca/P摩尔比1.67,微波功率406 W,辐照时间20 min)下制备的MW-CS-HAP对Cu^(2+)的最大去除效率达到99.09%,饱和吸附容量达到198.18 mg/g。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,以单层吸附为主;吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型,表明其吸附主要是化学吸附。MW-CS-HAP对Cu^(2+)的吸附机理主要为离子交换,同时伴有表面络合作用。本研究不仅为电石渣的资源化利用提供了新途径,也为含铜重金属废水的治理提供了一种高效、经济且环境友好的技术路线。
Carbide slag(CS)is a calcium-rich alkaline solid waste produced in the process of hydrolysis of calcium carbide(CaC_(2))to acetylene(C_(2)H_(2))in the chlor-alkali industry.A large number of stacked carbide slag not only occupies land resources,but also its strong alkaline and dust-prone characteristics are more likely to lead to the alkalization of surrounding soil and water,causing dust pollution and posing a potential threat to the ecological environment.At the same time,the rich calcium resources in carbide slag have not been efficiently recovered and utilized,resulting in a serious waste of resources.In order to realize the efficient resource utilization of carbide slag,hydroxyapatite(MW-CS-HAP)was successfully synthesized by microwave irradiation using carbide slag as calcium source,and it was used for the adsorption and removal of Cu^(2+)in water.Compared with commercial hydroxyapatite(S-HAP)and hydroxyapatite prepared with calcium nitrate as calcium source(MW-Ca-HAP),MW-CS-HAP shows better adsorption performance.The effects of key parameters in the synthesis stage,including synthesis pH value,Ca/P ratio,microwave power and microwave time,on the structure of MW-CS-HAP and its adsorption performance for Cu^(2+)were systematically investigated.The MW-CS-HAP prepared under the optimized synthesis conditions(pH=10.5,Ca/P mole ratio 1.67,microwave power 406 W,irradiation time 20 min)shows excellent adsorption performance for Cu^(2+),with the maximum removal efficiency of 99.09%and the saturated adsorption capacity of 198.18 mg/g.The materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and BET specific surface area analysis.The results confirm the successful synthesis of hydroxyapatite using carbide slag as calcium source.The synthesized MW-CS-HAP exhibits a large specific surface area(82.082 m^(2)/g)and demonstrates excellent adsorption performance toward Cu^(2+).The possible formation mechanism of HAP is further proposed:Ca(OH)2 in carbide slag is dissociated in aqueous solution to produce Ca^(2+)and OH−,and then Ca^(2+),OH−and PO43−are rapidly combined to form amorphous calcium phosphate ACP in alkaline environment.Under the action of microwave irradiation,the system achieves rapid and uniform volume heating,which significantly promote the nucleation and crystal growth process of HAP,and finally form HAP crystals with high crystallinity and stable structure.The adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and is dominated by monolayer adsorption.The adsorption kinetics conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model,indicating that the adsorption is mainly chemical adsorption.Characterization techniques such as XRD,FTIR,and XPS indicate that the adsorption mechanism of MW-CS-HAP for Cu^(2+)primarily involves ion exchange,accompanied by surface complexation.This study not only provides a new way for the resource utilization of carbide slag,but also provides an efficient,economical and environmentally friendly technical route for the treatment of copper-containing heavy metal wastewater in non-ferrous metal smelting industry.
作者
董意
刘桐羽
崔硕
冯嘉予
曹睿
潘自斌
宁平
贾丽娟
王访
DONG Yi;LIU Tongyu;CUI Shuo;FENG Jiayu;CAO Rui;PAN Zibin;NING Ping;JIA Lijuan;WANG Fang(School of Chemistry and Environment,Yunnan Minzu University,Kunming 650504,China;Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)
出处
《有色金属(冶炼部分)》
北大核心
2026年第1期102-116,共15页
Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)
基金
云南省重点研发计划项目(202403AC100027)
云南省外国专家项目(202405AP120038)
云南民族大学硕士研究生科研创新基金资助项目(2025SKY047)。
