摘要
【目的】本研究旨在结合蚊虫抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptides,AMPs)的演化特征及其在唾液腺中的表达模式,分析其在进化过程中的适应性变化。【方法】从VectorBase中检索10种蚊虫[4种属于库蚊亚科(Culicinae),6种属于按蚊亚科(Anophelinae)]的基因组和4类AMP(gambicin,attacin,cecropin和defensin)基因,完善蚊虫AMP基因库,利用最大似然法构建AMP系统发树;基于这些AMP的系统发育树利用Notung v2.9.1.5研究基因重复和基因缺失,利用MCScanx分析AMP基因共线性。使用HyPhy v2.5.62分析每个AMP基因的选择压力。利用公开数据库中唾液腺转录组数据,系统分析了这些AMP基因在唾液腺中的表达模式。【结果】不同蚊虫种AMP基因种类和数量存在明显差异。系统发育分析表明,AMP基因根据其分类学来源(库蚊亚科和按蚊亚科)在系统发育树上聚类,表明其氨基酸序列具有保守性,这一结果也得到了选择压力测试的支持。蚊虫的抗菌肽基因在进化过程中经历了多次的基因复制和丢失可能与宿主取食行为的变化有关。共线性分析结果表明,大多数蚊虫的AMP基因位于共线性区块内,进一步支持了AMP基因在蚊虫中的保守性。结合AMP基因在唾液腺中的表达模式、进化以及选择压力,推测cecropin的一个分支可能获得了新的功能。【结论】本研究揭示了蚊虫AMP基因的适应性,表明其与宿主选择和病原体感染密切相关。蚊虫AMP的进化特征和表达模式增强了其生存策略,并突显了其作为疾病传播能力关键因素的作用。这些发现为蚊虫免疫系统的分子适应性及其在病原体传播中的作用提供了新的见解。
【Aim】This study aims to integrate the evolutionary characteristics of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in mosquitoes and their expression patterns in the salivary glands to reveal the adaptive changes throughout their evolutionary process.【Methods】We retrieved the genomes and genes of four kinds of AMPs,including gambicin,attacin,cecropin and defensin,from 10 mosquito species(four species from Culicinae and six species from Anophelinae)in VectorBase to improve the gene bank of AMPs in mosquitoes.Subsequently,we constructed phylogenetic tree of AMPs using the maximum likelihood method.Gene duplication and gene deletion were examined using Notung v2.9.1.5 based on the phylogenetic trees of AMPs.Collinearity of AMP genes was assessed using MCScanx.The selection pressure on each AMP gene was analyzed using HyPhy v.2.5.62.We utilized publicly available transcriptomic data of the salivary glands to systematically analyze the expression patterns of these AMP genes in the salivary glands.【Results】There were noticeable differences in the types and numbers of AMP genes across mosquito species.Phylogenetic analysis showed that AMP genes clustered by their taxonomic origin(Culicinae and Anophelinae),suggesting conserved amino acid sequences,as corroborated by the selection pressure test.AMP genes in mosquitoes exhibited multiple gene duplications and gene deletions potentially corresponding to shifts in host feeding behaviors.Collinearity analysis result indicated that most AMP genes are located within collinear blocks,suggesting the conservation of AMP genes in mosquitoes.Integrating the expression patterns of AMP genes in the salivary glands with gene evolution and selection pressure,we hypothesized that a branch of cecropin may have undergone functional gain.【Conclusion】Our study highlights the adaptability of AMP genes in mosquitoes,suggesting their close relationship with host selection and pathogen infection.The evolutionary traits and expression patterns of AMPs in mosquitoes enhance their survival strategies and underscore their role as key factors in disease vectoring ability.These findings provide new insights into the molecular adaptations of mosquito immune systems and their implications for pathogen transmission.
作者
吴晋渝
曹智萌
张世燕
闫恒宇
付文博
周操
CHAKRABORTY Amrita
陈斌
何正波
何树林
WU Jin-Yu;CAO Zhi-Meng;ZHANG Shi-Yan;YAN Heng-Yu;FU Wen-Bo;ZHOU Cao;CHAKRABORTY Amrita;CHEN Bin;HE Zheng-Bo;HE Shu-Lin(College of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Control and Utilization,Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,Prague 16500,Czechia)
出处
《昆虫学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期1521-1533,共13页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
重庆市教委科技项目(KJQN202200538)
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022 NSCQ-MSX0806)。
关键词
蚊虫
唾液腺
抗菌肽
基因复制
基因缺失
适应性进化
Mosquitoes
salivary glands
antimicrobial peptides
gene duplication
gene deletion
adaptive evolution
