摘要
从体现系统功能语言学人际意义的小句结构来看,情态动词属于小句的谓语成分,在言语交际中,负责对命题进行限定,使得命题成为交际双方可争议、协商的内容。情态动词可以作为小句的核心成分,推进话语交际。情态副词是小句的附加语成分,不能成为小句的核心成分以推进话语交际,它所表达的情态评价不能成为交际双方协商的焦点。作为谓语成分的情态动词能够出现在“吗”字是非疑问语气中,成为疑问的焦点;而作为附加语成分的情态副词一般不出现在“吗”字是非疑问语气中作为疑问焦点。从及物性结构的角度来看,实义动词体现小句及物性结构的过程成分;而可能、义务、能力情态动词均不体现及物性结构的过程成分。意愿情态动词与其他体现心理过程的实义动词的区分在于从情态定义来看这些词是否表达人的内心意愿,是否指未实现而潜在有可能实现的事件。
From the perspective of systemic functional linguistics,modal verbs are part of the the predicate components of clauses,circumscribing the proposition so that it is something that can be argued about.Modal verbs can function as the nub of the proposition,carrying the argument forward.Modal adverbs function as the adjunct in the clause.They cannot function as the core of the proposition to carry the interaction forward.Modal verbs and adverbs also function differently in“yes-no interrogatives”ending with the particle“ma”.In such clauses,modal verbs can be questioned;while modal adverbs generally cannot be questioned.In terms of the distinction between modal verbs and lexical verbs,modal verbs of probability,obligation and ability are ignored in the transitivity analysis of the clause as they don’t contribute to the experiential meaning of the clause,while lexical verbs specify the process of the transitivity structure.Modal verbs of willingness differ from other lexical verbs that denote feelings,cognition and perception in that they represent degrees of inclination and describe events that are not actualized but are merely potential.
作者
杨曙
YANG Shu(College of Foreign Languages,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510640,China)
出处
《东莞理工学院学报》
2025年第6期43-49,共7页
Journal of Dongguan University of Technology
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“情态的系统功能类型学研究”(21YJC740072)
广东高校人文社科研究一般项目“功能类型学视角下的多语言情态研究”(粤教科函〔2021〕7号)。
关键词
系统功能语言学
汉语情态动词
情态副词
划界
systemic functional grammar
Chinese modal verbs
modal adverbs
distinction
