摘要
飞机在飞行过程中极易遭遇结冰,尤其是在过冷大水滴(Supercooled Large Droplets,SLD)环境下,结冰将显著削弱气动性能并威胁飞行安全。作为防除冰系统的关键技术,结冰探测技术的发展对于保障飞行安全具有重要意义。系统地综述了飞机结冰的形成机理与危害,梳理并按类别分析了当前主流结冰探测技术,包括电学类、热学类、谐振类、光学类和导波类,归纳了各类技术的优势、局限性和典型应用场景,并以表格形式进行了横向比较。进一步总结了结冰探测系统面临的五大挑战,即极端环境下稳定性不足、缺乏多源数据融合能力、对SLD结冰响应不足、集成度与功耗之间的矛盾和缺乏闭环智能控制机制。未来结冰探测技术应在传感器鲁棒性提升、智能算法融合、SLD专用方案、柔性低功耗集成和智能协同控制等方面实现突破,为航空结冰感知系统的智能化发展提供参考和支持。
Aircraft are highly susceptible to icing during flights,particularly in supercooled large droplets(SLD)environments,where icing can significantly impair aerodynamic performance and pose a threat to flight safety.As a critical technology of anti-icing and de-icing systems,the development of icing detection technology is of great significance for ensuring flight safety.The formation mechanisms and hazards of aircraft icing are reviewed systematically,current mainstream icing detection technologies are categorized and analyzed,including electrical,thermal,resonant,optical,and ultrasonic guided wave.Their advantages,limitations,and typical application scenarios are summarized,and a comparative analysis is conducted using tables.The five major challenges currently faced by the icing detection system are further summarized,including insufficient stability under extreme conditions,lack of multi-source data fusion capabilities,inadequate response to SLDicing,the contradiction between integration and power consumption,and the absence of a closed-loop intelligent control mechanism.It suggests that future icing detection technology should achieve breakthroughs in sensor robustness enhancement,intelligent algorithm fusion,SLD-specific solutions,flexible low-power integration,and intelligent collaborative control,providing reference and support for the intelligent development of aviation icing detection system.
作者
唐梓潇
王若彤
金哲岩
TANG Zixiao;WANG Ruotong;JIN Zheyan(Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo 315100,China;Department of Mechanical,Materials and Manufacturing Engineering,University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo 315100,China;School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics,Tongji University,Shanghai200092,China)
出处
《测控技术》
2025年第12期1-12,共12页
Measurement & Control Technology
基金
航空科学基金民发专项(2021Z039038002)。
关键词
飞机结冰
结冰探测
智能感知
防除冰系统
aircraft icing
icing detection
intelligent perception
anti-icing and de-icing system
