摘要
彩(色)丘(陵)作为一种特色鲜明的地貌景观,以甘肃张掖红山湾最为典型,因其绚丽的色彩而备受关注,同时也已成为景观地貌学的研究热点。然而,由于应用领域不同,导致对其基本概念和成因内涵的理解等方面存在分歧。本文通过系统分析彩色丘陵概念的学理矛盾与传播局限性,根据地层的沉积特征、地貌形态、成色机理及空间分布规律等,结合国际学术界普遍采用的“Rainbow Mountain”词语指示此类地貌的事实,借鉴魏·曹丕诗句“丹霞蔽日,采虹垂天”,特推荐使用“彩虹地貌”(Rainbow Landform)这一术语,以便与丹霞地貌术语对应。本文强调彩虹地貌的三大基本要素:彩虹状(彩色韵律性)缓丘地貌特征、河湖相细粒沉积岩基础、以流水侵蚀为主的地质营力。依据其地貌形态、地层产状、内外营力等的差异,可进一步分为红山湾型和五彩滩型2个亚类。彩虹地貌主要出露于干旱-半干旱地区,发育于植被稀少的裸露缓坡地带,以红色、黄色为主色调,辅以灰绿、蓝灰、白色等点缀色,表现出色彩韵律性特征,相同色彩条带在空间上重复出现,但宽度、厚度因沉积环境变化而略有差异,呈现波浪状连续弯曲条纹,具有显著美学价值;岩石主要形成于中—新生代河湖沉积环境,受控于沉积时期环境变化而导致地层颜色的韵律性变化;岩石粒度较细,以泥岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩为主,易受侵蚀形成细腻纹路;以水蚀作用为主导营力,兼有风蚀作用,缺乏重力崩塌作用。与同一地区的丹霞地貌类型相比,彩虹地貌地表形态属于缓坡,明显有别于丹霞地貌的赤壁陡崖,单体规模普遍小于丹霞地貌;相较于丹霞地貌,彩虹地貌具有更显著的色彩变化韵律与视觉冲击力。
Colorful hills,a distinctive geomorphic landscape,are most typified by Hongshanwan in Zhangye,Gansu Province.They have garnered significant attention for their vibrant hues and become a research focus in landscape geomorphology.However,due to differences in application fields,there are discrepancies in the un-derstanding of its basic concept and genetic mechanism.By systematically analyzing the theoretical contradic-tions in the concept of Colorful Hills and limitations in its dissemination,this paper,based on the sedimentary characteristics of strata,geomorphic forms,coloration mechanisms,and spatial distribution patterns,combinedwith the fact that the international academic community generally uses the term“Rainbow Mountain”to refer to such landforms,and drawing inspiration from the verse by Cao Pi of the Wei Dynasty—“Danxia(crimson clouds)obscure the sun;rainbows hang over the sky”—specifically recommends the adoption of the term“Rainbow Landform”to correspond with the term“Danxia Landform”.This paper emphasizes three fundamen-tal elements of Rainbow Landform:rainbow-shaped(color rhythmic)gentle hill geomorphic characteristics,the foundation of fluvial-lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks,and geological dynamic forces dominated by flu-vial erosion.Based on differences in geomorphic forms,stratal attitudes,and internal and external geological dynamic forces,Rainbow Landform can be further divided into two subtypes:the Hongshanwan Type and the Wucaitan Type.Rainbow Landforms are primarily exposed in arid to semi-arid regions and developed on bare gentle slopes with sparse vegetation.Their dominant colors are red and yellow,supplemented by accent colors such as grayish-green,bluish-gray,and white,thus exhibiting the characteristic of color rhythm.The same col-or bands reappear spatially,but their widths and thicknesses vary slightly due to changes in the sedimentary en-vironment,forming continuous wavy and curved stripes and remarkable aesthetic value.The rocks mainly formed in fluvial-lacustrine sedimentary environments during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic eras,and their formation was controlled by environmental changes during the sedimentary period,which resulted in rhythmic color varia-tions in the strata.These rocks are fine-grained,mainly composed of mudstone,siltstone,and fine sandstone,and are easily eroded to form delicate textures.Fluvial erosion acts as the dominant geological dynamic force,supplemented by wind erosion,and gravitational collapse is absent.
作者
杨庆坤
郭福生
罗勇
陈留勤
赖海青
解世雄
凌媛媛
刘延兵
YANG Qingkun;GUO Fusheng;LUO Yong;CHEN Liuqin;LAI Haiqing;XIE Shixiong;LING Yuanyuan;LIU Yanbing(School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013,China;College of Tourism,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining,Qinghai 810088,China;Gansu Geological Survey Institute,Lanzhou,Gansu 730099,China)
出处
《现代地质》
北大核心
2025年第6期1661-1672,共12页
Geoscience
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41772197、42361002)
东华理工大学科研发展基金项目(FZJJ 20231220、K20240017)。
关键词
彩色丘陵
彩虹地貌
丹霞地貌
张掖红山湾
新疆五彩滩
colorful hill
Rainbow Landform
Danxia Landform
Hongshanwan in Zhangye city
Wucaitan in Xinjiang
