摘要
该文以历史遗迹与汉藏双语古籍文献为基础,聚焦佛教中国化早期阶段,系统探讨吐蕃时期佛教传入三江源地区的历史进程。该地区现存的大日如来佛像等宗教遗迹及碑刻,均为当时宗教传播与文化互动提供了重要的实物证据。至藏传佛教后弘期初期,中康北部地区的宗教格局发生显著变化,噶当派、萨迦派、噶举派、格鲁派等主流教派相继兴起并广泛传播。其中,作为噶举派四大支系之一的巴隆噶举派,其创始人达玛旺索与核心弟子帝师热巴等人均以该区域为中心展开弘法活动,不仅扩大了教派影响,也为后续发展奠定了坚实基础。自公元13世纪后半叶起,巴隆噶举派进入关键发展阶段:帝师热巴的弟子热巴噶布获得囊谦吐司的鼎力支持,率众在中康地区主持修建了具有重要历史意义的“十八大巴隆噶举派寺庙”。这一举措推动了该派的蓬勃发展,尽管部分寺庙后来因历史变迁改属其他教派,但现存遗迹仍清晰勾勒出藏传佛教本土化的演进轨迹,成为佛教中国化实践的重要物质遗存。此后,受教派改宗、势力更迭等因素影响,中康地区的巴隆噶举派逐渐衰落。截至目前,除囊谦县境内觉拉色等十二座寺庙得以保存外,其余寺庙多已衰败或归属变更。为系统梳理中康北部玉树地区巴隆噶举派的兴衰历程,本文采用多源史料互证的研究方法,以汉藏文献为核心依据,结合实地考察与民间口述史料,通过比较与辨伪,剔除讹误与附会内容,提炼具有史料价值的关键信息,最终围绕该派在区域内的历史轨迹展开了系统而可靠的考证。
This study is based on historical relics and Sino-Tibetan bilingual ancient texts,focusing on the early stages of Buddhism’s Sinicization.It systematically examines the historical process of Buddhist transmission into the Region of Three Rivers during the Tubo Period.The extant religious relics,such as the Vairocana Buddha statue,and inscriptions in the area provide crucial material evidence for religious dissemination and cultural interaction at that time.By the early phase of the Second Transmission of Tibetan Buddhism,the religious landscape in northern Middle Kham underwent significant transformation,with major religious schools like Kagyu,Sakya,Kadam,and Geluk emerging and spreading widely.Among these,the Barong Kagyu,one of the four major branches of the Kagyu tradition,saw its founder Darma Wangchug and core disciples such as the imperial preceptor Dishri Repa engage in missionary activities centered in this region.These efforts not only expanded the influence of this school but also laid a solid foundation for its subsequent development.From the latter half of the 13th century onward,the Barong Kagyu School entered a critical phase of development.The disciple of the Dishri Repa,Reba Gampu,received strong support from the Nangchen royal family and led a group to construct the historically significant“Eighteen Barong Kagyu Temples”in the Middle Khan region.This initiative spurred the flourishing growth of the school.Although some temples later shifted to other schools due to historical changes,the remaining ruins still clearly outline the evolutionary trajectory of the localization of Tibetan Buddhism,serving as important material remnants of the Sinicization of Buddhism.Subsequently,influenced by factors such as sect conversions and power shifts,the Barong Kagyu School in the Middle Kham region gradually declined.To date,apart from twelve temples,including the Jue La Se Temple in Nangchen County,most others have deteriorated or changed ownership.To systematically examine the rise and fall of the Barong Kagyu in Yushu,the northern Middle Kham region,this study employs a multi-source historical verification approach.Based primarily on Sino Tibetan texts,it integrates field investigations and oral histories.Through cross-referencing and verification,it eliminates errors and fabricated content,extracting key historical information with archival value.The research ultimately conducts a systematic and reliable investigation into the historical trajectory of this sect within the region.
作者
旦正才让
土丁班角
Tamdrin Tsering;Tutan Paljor(Department of Chinese Language and Literature in Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000;School for Tibetan Studies in Sichuan Minzu College,Kangding,Sichuan 626000)
出处
《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》
2025年第3期70-83,共14页
Journal of qinghai minzu University(Tibetan Version)
基金
2025年度国家社科基金一般项目“近代赴藏汉僧对汉藏佛教文化交流的贡献及其当代借鉴研究”(项目编号:25BZJ012)阶段性成果。
关键词
中康北部
巴隆噶举
兴衰史
North of Middle Kham
Barong Kagyu
rise and fall
