摘要
《了义经》是藏传佛教重要经典之一,其汇编历史悠久,版本演变复杂,但整体发展脉络长期以来缺乏系统梳理。文献考证表明,其最早形态可追溯至公元14世纪,由觉囊派创始人多尔波巴·西热鲁坚赞(1292–1361)首次从《甘珠尔》中选取20部经品,初步构建了《了义经》的基本体系。公元17世纪,觉囊派高僧多罗那他(1575–1634)在此基础上进行修订,剔除其中两部,新增《大空经》等四部,形成22部经品,并在觉囊达丹寺刊刻,共9函。公元18世纪,在噶托才旺仁增(1698–1755)的资助与推动下,《了义经》于德格印经院雕版印刷,增补7部非《了义经》及序文,扩展为30部经品,共6函。至本世纪,觉囊埃旺寺依据《多尔波巴目录》再次整理并扩编为27部,由四川民族出版社出版,共11册;此外还有白玉达塘仁波切整理本等多种流传形态。《了义经》的版本演变不仅反映了不同历史时期佛教思想取向的变化,也体现了经藏编辑与传播方式的时代特征。该文通过系统梳理其历代版本的编纂、修订与流传过程,揭示版本演变背后的思想逻辑与宗派主张,彰显《了义经》在藏传佛教文献体系中的独特地位,同时展现历代学僧对佛法的不断探索与弘扬。尤其值得关注的是,其中如《金光明最胜王经》(据义净译本)、《大般涅槃经》(据昙无谶译本)等汉译经典的藏文转译,成为汉藏佛教深度交流的文献例证。这一跨文化译介实践不仅丰富了佛教教义的传播途径,也为深化中华文化多元一体格局、铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了重要的历史依据与文献支持。
Nges Don Snying Po’i Mdo is one of the important scriptures of Tibetan Buddhism,with a long history of compilation and complex version evolution.However,the overall development of the text has long lacked a systematic review.Literature research shows that its earliest form can be traced back to the 14th century,when the founder of the Jonang School,Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen(1292-1361),first selected 20 sutras from Kanjur,and initially constructed the basic system of the Nges Don Snying Po’i Mdo.In the 17th century,the eminent monk Taranata(1575-1634)of the Jonang School revised it based on this foundation,removing two parts and adding four parts,forming 22 sutras,which were printed in the Jonang Tagden Monastery,totaling 9 letters.In the 18th century,with the support and promotion of Katog Tsewang Norbu(1698-1755),Nges Don Snying Po’i Mdo was printed on woodblock printing at the Derge Printing Institute,adding 7 Sutras and prefaces,expanding to 30 sutras with a total of 6 letters.By the 21st century,Jonang Ewang Temple had reorganized and expanded into 27 volumes based on the“Dolpopa Catalogue”,published by Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House,with a total of 11 volumes;In addition,there are various forms of dissemination such as the edited version by Baiyu Tatang Rinpoche and the edition by the Taiwan Buddha Education Foundation.The evolution of the version of Nges Don Snying Po’i Mdo not only reflects the changes in Buddhist ideological orientation in different historical periods,but also reflects the characteristics of the times in terms of the editing and dissemination methods of Buddhist scriptures.This article systematically reviews the compilation,revision,and dissemination process of its various versions throughout history,revealing the ideological logic and sectarian beliefs behind the evolution of the versions,highlighting the unique position of the Nges Don Snying Po’i Mdo in the Tibetan Buddhist literature system,and demonstrating the continuous exploration and promotion of Buddhism by Buddhist monks throughout history.Of particular note are the Tibetan translations of Chinese classics such as“Gser Od Dam Pa'i Mdo Sde'i Dbang Po”(according to the Yijing translation)and the“Vphags Pa Yongs Su Mya Ngan Las Vdas Pa Chen Po”(according to the Dharmaksema translation),which have become examples of in-depth exchanges between Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism.This cross-cultural translation practice not only enriches the dissemination channels of Buddhist doctrines,but also provides important historical basis and literature support for deepening the pattern of diverse and integrated Chinese culture and forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.
作者
巴多
泽登
Paldor;Tsetan(School of Chinese Language and Literature in Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041;School of Foreign Language and Literature in Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041)
出处
《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》
2025年第3期16-32,共17页
Journal of qinghai minzu University(Tibetan Version)
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助:佛教中国化视角下的早期伏藏文献研究(批准号:20248JL26)阶段性成果。
