摘要
准确估计电池的电压和功率状态(state of power,SOP)是军用电驱底盘和储能系统实现充/放电安全保护以及最优功率分配的挑战。为了建立简单、易实现的电压和SOP的估计方法,本工作建立了基于电化学原理的等效极化(equivalent polarization,EP)模型。EP模型虽然结构简单、参数易辨识,但可以实现任意恒流作用下t(t >0)时刻端电压、极化电压和SOP的估计。结果表明:EP模型与开路电压和荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)进行了解耦,实现了长、短时间的极化电压、端电压和SOP的精确估计。在不同充放电状态和SOC下,EP模型估计的40 s极化电压的平均误差只有1.27%,在2 min的端电压估计中平均误差仅有-0.14%,在不同老化路径和老化状态下,极化电压和端电压的平均误差只有-1.15%和-0.09%。在不同温度和SOC下,EP模型估计的SOP的平均误差仅有-2.71%;在不同老化路径和老化状态下,SOP的平均误差仅有-1.45%。与等效电路模型相比,EP模型的估计精度从94.3%提升至98.5%。EP模型只需5 s的数据即可实现模型参数的辨识,进而可节约大量的测试时间。EP模型在电池的仿真、快速充电以及功率分配上具有很高的应用价值。
Accurate estimation of battery voltage and state of power(SOP)is essential for ensuring safe charge/discharge cycles and optimal power distribution in military electric drive chasis and energy storage systems.Based on electrochemical principles,this study establishes an equivalent polarization(EP)model to provide a simple and practical method for estimating voltage and SOP.Although the EP model has a simple structure and easy-to-identify parameters,it can accurately estimate the voltage and SOP at time(t>0)under an arbitrary constant current.The estimation results demonstrate that the model is decoupled from the open-circuit voltage and state of charge(SOC),enabling accurate estimations of long-and short-term polarization voltages,terminal voltage,and SOP.Under different charge/discharge states and SOC,the EP model demonstrates high accuracy,with average errors of only 1.27%for 40 s polarization voltage and-0.14%for 2 min terminal voltage.Under different aging paths and states of health(SOH),the average errors of the polarization voltage and terminal voltage are only-1.15%and-0.09%,respectively.The EP model also achieves high accuracy in estimating the SOP,with average errors of only-2.71%across varying temperatures and SOC,and-1.45%under different aging paths and SOH.Compared with the equivalent circuit model,the EP model improves estimation accuracy from 94.3%to 98.5%.The EP model requires only 5 s of data for high-precision identification,which significantly reduces the test time.The EP model is highly valuable for battery simulation,fast charging,and power distribution applications.
作者
林鹏
张路
徐敏
张烨
金鹏
王生捷
LIN Peng;ZHANG Lu;XU Min;ZHANG Ye;JIN Peng;WANG Shengjie(Beijing Mechanical Equipment Institute,Beijing 100854,China;National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles,School of Mechatronical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;School of Electrical and Control Engineering,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicle in Beijing,Beijing 100144,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
北大核心
2025年第12期4758-4769,共12页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
关键词
储能系统
锂离子电池
电压
SOP
等效极化模型
energy storage systems
lithium-ion battery
voltage
SOP
equivalent polarization model
