摘要
在全球能源结构清洁化转型的背景下,地缘政治冲突加剧导致能源供应链风险显著提升,氢能因其来源多样、零碳排放等特性,不仅成为能源技术革命的重要方向,更被各国视为保障能源安全、提升供应链韧性的战略选择。中、美两国作为全球氢能发展的主要推动者,其战略布局定位和技术发展路径对全球氢能产业具有深远影响。本文通过分析美国氢能战略的转变及中、美两国氢能战略的差异,旨在为中国氢能发展提供借鉴,推动中国及全球氢能技术的协同创新与产业化应用。基于美国能源部发布的《氢能项目计划2020》和《氢能项目计划2024》,深入剖析了美国在氢能领域的战略转变,总结了其全球化、技术深度优化、绿氢规模化、多场景协同应用及区域示范的发展趋势。此外,结合中国《氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021—2035年)》及一系列氢能相关政策,从战略目标、技术重点及应用场景三个维度揭示了中美近年来氢能发展的差异。基于上述对比研究,建议中国聚焦绿色氢能,依据各地区资源禀赋明确区域协同角色分工;通过氢能行业标准完善、重点技术突破、绿氢生产规模化及储运技术优化等途径,加速氢能产业化进程;关注氢能多元应用场景,推进氢能高价值应用落地。本研究不但深化了对中、美氢能战略的理解,而且为中国制定更具战略前瞻性与全球视野的氢能发展蓝图提供了科学依据,有助于推动中国以及全球氢能协同发展。
Amid the global energy transition toward decarbonization,escalating geopolitical conflicts have intensified risks in energy supply chains.Hydrogen energy,characterized by diverse production pathways and zero-carbon emissions,emerges not only as a key driver of the energy technology revolution but also as a strategic option for enhancing national energy security and supply chain resilience.As major contributors to the global hydrogen industry,the United States(US)and China significantly shape its trajectory through their strategic priorities and technological approaches.This paper analyzes the evolution of US hydrogen strategies and contrasts them with China's development plans,providing policy insights to advance China's hydrogen industry and foster collaborative innovation and industrial application of hydrogen technologies both domestically and internationally.Based on the US Department of Energy's Hydrogen Program Plans of 2020 and 2024,this study examines the evolution of US hydrogen strategies and identifies key trends,including globalization,technology optimization,large-scale green hydrogen production,multi-scenario applications,and regional demonstrations.By comparing these trends with China's Medium and Long-term Plan for Hydrogen Industry Development(2021-2035)and related policies,the paper highlights differences in strategic objectives,technological priorities,and application scenarios between the two countries.Drawing on this comparative analysis,the study recommends that China prioritize green hydrogen development through regionally coordinated strategies aligned with local resource endowments.Accelerating hydrogen industrialization can be achieved via improved industry standards,breakthroughs in critical technologies,scaling up green hydrogen production,and optimizing storage and transport systems.Furthermore,diversified application scenarios should be emphasized to enable high-value hydrogen utilization.This study enhances understanding of US and China hydrogen strategies and provides a scientific basis for China to develop strategically forward-looking and globally oriented hydrogen development roadmaps.The findings support the coordinated advancement of hydrogen energy both domestically and internationally.
作者
郑新宇
徐咏
谢睿杰
邵归宁
李洋
施建峰
ZHENG Xinyu;XU Yong;XIE Ruijie;SHAO Guining;LI Yang;SHI Jianfeng(Institute of Advanced Equipment,College of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University;Hydrogen Energy Institute,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
北大核心
2025年第12期4654-4671,共18页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2024CXGC010311)。
关键词
氢能
发展战略
中美对比
绿氢
hydrogen
development strategy
USA-China comparison
green hydrogen
