摘要
锌-空气电池因具有高安全性和低成本特性而备受关注,然而其在实际应用中仍面临三大关键问题:锌负极的不可逆钝化、空气电极氧还原/析出反应动力学迟滞,以及整体结构设计不合理导致的传质与界面阻抗问题,严重限制了其电学性能与工程稳定性。针对上述瓶颈,本研究提出一种面向实际应用的双侧对称极板结构设计,通过对称分布极耳设计和优化电解液分布层以及结构创新实现材料利用效率与电池稳定性的协同优化;同时,通过两侧镂空结构增强空气流通,改善氧气扩散通道,抑制浓差极化,提升空气电极反应效率,在不引入额外催化剂或载体的前提下,系统电阻降低、电压稳定性增强。实验测试表明,双侧结构电池的开路电压提升至1.44 V,较单侧设计提高3.2%;短路电流达2.2 A,增幅达33.1%;单电芯容量达8800 mAh,体积与质量能量密度分别达158.8 Wh/L和84.7 Wh/kg。进一步开发凝胶电解质体系,验证了其在倾斜工况下的界面稳定性(60°倾斜运行)及动态负载场景的应用潜力(驱动电机连续运行12小时)。本研究揭示了结构几何重构与反应界面协同调控在锌-空气电池系统性能提升中的关键作用,为推动高功率密度锌-空气电池从实验室走向工程化应用提供了理论支撑与结构范式。
Zinc-air batteries have garnered significant interest due to their high safety and low cost.However,their practical application remains limited by three key challenges:irreversible passivation of the zinc anode,sluggish oxygen reduction and evolution kinetics at the air electrode,and mass transport and interfacial impedance issues arising from suboptimal structural design.These factors collectively constrain electrochemical performance and engineering stability.To address these limitations,this study proposes a dual-sided symmetric plate structure optimized for practical deployment.The design features symmetrically distributed current collector tabs,an optimized electrolyte distribution layer,and structural innovations that enhance material utilization and battery stability.Additionally,perforated structures on both sides improve air circulation,facilitate oxygen diffusion,suppress concentration polarization,and increase reaction efficiency at the air electrode.Notably,these improvements are achieved without introducing additional catalysts or carriers,resulting in reduced system resistance and enhanced voltage stability.Experimental results show that the dual-sided structure battery achieves an open-circuit voltage of 1.44 V,representing a 3.2%improvement over the single-sided design.The short-circuit current reaches 2.2 A,a 33.1%increase,while the single-cell capacity attains 8800 mAh.Volumetric and gravimetric energy densities are 158.8 Wh/L and 84.7 Wh/kg,respectively.Further development of a gel electrolyte system confirms the battery's interfacial stability under inclined operation(60°tilt)and demonstrates its potential in dynamic load conditions,continuously powering a motor for 12 h.These findings underscore the critical role of geometrical structural optimization and interfacial co-regulation in enhancing zinc-air battery performance,providing both theoretical insights and practical structural strategies to advance high-power-density zinc-air batteries from laboratory research to engineering applications.
作者
崔泽云
张琦
李双寿
杨建新
汤彬
王健美
王晓春
王海燕
范晋平
CUI Zeyun;ZHANG Qi;LI Shuangshou;YANG Jianxin;TANG Bin;WANG Jianmei;WANG Xiaochun;WANG Haiyan;FAN Jinping(Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi,China;Fundamental Industry Training Center,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
北大核心
2025年第12期4632-4643,共12页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
清华大学本科教育教学改革项目(ZY01_02)。
关键词
锌-空气电池
电池结构
大容量
高性能
应用
zinc-air batteries
architectural optimization
high-energy-density
high-performance
technological applications
