摘要
冷喷涂技术凭借其固态沉积特性,在制备高质量金属涂层、高效高速损伤修复及增材制造领域展现出显著的优势及应用潜力。然而,该技术在喷涂高强度高温合金材料时,仍存在涂层孔隙率高、强度不足、无塑性等技术挑战。本文系统综述了冷喷涂高温合金的临界沉积条件及其影响因素,重点探讨了沉积态材料的显微组织特征及其与性能(尤其是拉伸性能)的关联,并总结了显微组织与性能优化的主要方法,比如喷后热处理、喷后热等静压、激光辅助冷喷涂、原位喷丸辅助冷喷涂沉积等。为拓展冷喷涂高温合金工程应用,今后需要极大改善高温合金粉末的变形条件及沉积窗口,降低工艺成本,并通过复合处理技术改善冷喷涂态高温合金涂层的性能,为推动其在航空航天修复领域的应用提供理论依据与技术指导。
Cold spraying technology has a number of unique characteristics,most notably the solid-state metal powder deposition.This property confers the technology with significant technical advantages and application potentials in the domains of coating preparation,high-efficiency and high-speed repair,and additive manufacturing.Nevertheless,when applying for high-strength nickel-based superalloy materials,this technology remains confronted with significant technical challenges,including high coating porosity,inadequate strength,and an absence of plasticity.In this paper,the critical deposition conditions and influencing factors of cold-sprayed superalloys are systematically reviewed,focusing on the microstructure characteristics of deposited materials and their correlations with properties(especially tensile properties),and summarizing the main methods of microstructure and performance optimization,such as post-spray heat treatment,post-spray hot isostatic pressing,laser-assisted cold spraying,and in-situ shot peening-assisted cold spray deposition.In the future,for expanding the engineering applications of cold-sprayed high-temperature alloys,it is necessary to modify the particle deformation conditions and expand the deposition window,to develop the hybrid treatment methods to improve the coating property,as well as lowering the process costs.These measures will provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for its applications in the fields of aerospace.
作者
李文亚
吴格飞
李昱晗
徐雅欣
黄春杰
雒晓涛
谢迎春
殷硕
LI Wenya;WU Gefei;LI Yuhan;XU Yaxin;HUANG Chunjie;LUO Xiaotao;XIE Yingchun;YIN Shuo(State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;School of Space Science and Technology,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,Shandong,China;Department of Mechanical,Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering,Trinity College Dublin,University of Dublin,Dublin D02 PN40,Ireland)
出处
《材料工程》
北大核心
2025年第12期1-13,共13页
Journal of Materials Engineering
基金
国家重点研发项目(2024YFB4609602)。
关键词
冷喷涂
高温合金
临界速度
组织
性能
损伤修复
增材制造
cold spraying
superalloy
critical velocity
microstructure
property
damage repair
additive manu‐facturing
