摘要
浙江省磐安县榧树古树资源丰富,磐东榧是基于该地种质选育的新型栽培品种。以细榧作为对照,通过流式细胞仪测定其叶片DNA含量,判定其为三倍体。磐东榧种实为特大型,长椭圆形,纵径和横径分别为4.26 cm和2.53 cm,种形指数达1.69,假种皮平均厚0.57 cm,平均鲜单实质量为17.4 g,鲜出核率达27.91%。种核纵径3.83 cm,横径1.49 cm,核形指数2.58,平均鲜单核质量4.8 g,干单核质量3.3 g,核壳厚0.12 cm,干出仁率54.07%,长椭圆形。种仁平均干单仁质量1.8 g,长椭圆形,含油率52.7%,可溶性糖含量(w,后同)1.29%,蛋白质含量12.1%。炒制后较细榧种皮易脱落,口感酥脆爽口,香味浓,商品性能优。在浙江省磐安县海拔300 m处种植,种子成熟期为9月中旬,较周边同海拔种植的细榧略晚。该品种是一种结实早、籽型大的优良品种,适宜在浙江省山区海拔200~800 m地带推广种植,其生态适应性与栽培管理技术要求与细榧一致。
Pandongfei is a new variety selected from the abundant Torreya resources in Panan County,Zhejiang Province.According to the ploidy determination results obtained by flow cytometry,Pandong-fei is a triploid.The crown of the parent tree is spire-shaped,with an open and vigorous growth habit.After grafting propagation,about 30 progenies in the local area have started to bear fruit.The shape,ma-turity period,and flavor of the seeds are consistent with those of the parent tree,showing stable genetic performance.Among them,the characteristics of the offspring are consistent and stable.The leaves are linear-lanceolate,dark green on the upper side,light green on the underside,2.2 cm long,0.37 cm wide and 0.07 cm thick,with longer leaf tips.The female flower bud of Pandongfei is a mixed bud,usually differentiated from the top lateral bud of the fruiting mother branch.The seed is nucleate,enveloped in a fleshy arillus.When ripe,the arillus gradually changes from green to light yellow-green.The seed is extra-large,elongated oval,with an average fresh single seed weight of 17.4 g,a longitudinal diameter of 4.26 cm,a transverse diameter of 2.53 cm,and a seed shape index of 1.69.The arillus is very thick,with an average thickness of 0.57 cm,and a fresh core rate of 27.91%.The seed kernel is long elliptical,with an average fresh single kernel weight of 4.8 g,a dry single kernel weight of 3.3 g,a longitudinal di-ameter of 3.83 cm,a transverse diameter of 1.49 cm,a kernel shape index of 2.58,a shell thickness of 0.12 cm,and a dry kernel rate of 54.07%.The seed kernel is long elliptical,with an average dry single kernel weight of 1.8 g,an oil content of 52.7%,a soluble sugar content(w,same as below)of 1.29%,and a protein content of 12.1%.After roasting,it exhibits easier shell removal compared to Xifei,char-acterized by a crisp and refreshing texture,intense aroma,and superior commercial qualities.When it is cultivated at an elevation of 300 meters in Pangan County,Zhejiang Province,its seed maturation peri-od occurs in mid-September,slightly later than that of Xifei grown at comparable altitudes in adjacent regions.Pandongfei and Yushanguofei have extra-large seeds,but the main difference is that the num-ber of eyes on the surface of Pandongfei seeds is generally 2,while that of Yushanguofei is 2-5,with the proportion of seeds with more than 3 eyes being 41.9%.Both the seed shape index and kernel shape in-dex of Pandongfei are higher than those of Yushanguofei.The oil content of Pandongfei kernel is 52.7%,which is higher than that of Yushanguofei(48.1%).However,the rates of seed core extraction and kernel extraction from seeds are lower than those of Yushanguofei.This variety is high-quality,ear-lymaturing,and stress-resistant.It prefers shade and moisture at the beginning of its growth and is not suitable for growth in low-altitude areas with intensive sunlight.After starting to bear fruit during the vegetative growth period,it needs sufficient sunlight to maintain growth,so it is appropriate to supple-ment lighting and increase the intensity and duration of lighting.It has good disease and pest resistance.According to surveys,the probability of diseases and pests occurring in its seedlings,saplings,and adult trees is small,and there are generally no diseases under standard management.It is suitable for cultiva-tion in mountainous areas at altitudes of 200-800 meters in Panan County,Zhejiang Province,with the same requirements for climate,soil,and other environmental conditions as well as cultivation tech-niques as Xifei.After grafting propagation,a certain amount of progeny has been cultivated in Zhejiang Province,with stable genetic expression and a small portion beginning to bear fruit.The characteristics of Pandongfei include high oil content in the seed kernel,easy removal of the skin after frying,crisp tex-ture,and excellent quality.As a triploid variety,it is a new variety with high quality,early bearing,and strong stress resistance.
作者
毛梦绮
张迟
罗磊
毛泽刚
汪爱君
叶生月
陈翔
陈红星
张敏
MAO Mengqi;ZHANG Chi;LUO Lei;MAO Zegang;WANG Aijun;YE Shengyue;CHEN Xiang;CHEN Hongxing;ZHANG Min(Zhejiang A&F University/National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;School of Horticulture Science,Zhejiang A&F University,Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropi-cal Fruit and Vegetable,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Chun’an County Forestry Bu-reau,Chunan 311700,Zhejiang,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Tonglu County,Tonglu 311500,Zhejiang,China;Natural Re-sources and Planning Bureau of Pan’an County,Zhejiang Province,Pan’an 322300,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期3080-3085,共6页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
中央财政林草科技推广示范资金项目([2024]TS 04-1号,[2023]TS09号)。
关键词
榧树
新品种
磐东榧
三倍体
Torreya grandis
New cultivar
Pandongfei
Triploid
