摘要
渝果1号是从野生桑自然杂交的桑种子繁育的实生桑,经单株选优、定向培育而成的高产、优质果叶兼用桑树新品种。该品种树型高大开展,枝条粗壮直立,侧枝多,发条力强。果实呈紫黑色,圆筒形(果纵径3.16 cm,横径1.63 cm),平均单果质量3.96 g。渝果1号平均坐果率91.01%,果实年均产量为39.38 t·hm^(-2),桑叶年均产量为20.84 t·hm^(-2)。果实糖度9.5°Brix,还原性糖含量(w,后同)2.91%,总酸含量3.56 g·kg^(-1)、花色苷含量0.10%,多酚含量4.25 mg·g^(-1)、总黄酮含量5.26 mg·g^(-1),蛋白质含量12.12%,榨汁率64.49%,品质优良。在育成地区,渝果1号的花期为3月10—30日,桑椹成熟期为4月中下旬,枝条挂果多,观赏性极强。渝果1号适宜在长江、金沙江和黄河流域种植,具有良好的丰产性。
Yuguo 1 is a high-yield and top-quality mulberry cultivar suitable for both fruit and leaf use.This cultivar originated from a natural hybrid seedling of wild mulberry.It was initially selected in 2009 from superior wild mulberry trees at the Xili Silkworm Breeding Farm(Caijiagang Street,Beibei Dis-trict,Chongqing),where a progeny garden was established.In 2012,an individual with large leaves,thick leaf flesh,dense internodes,vigorous growth,high-yield,and high-quality mulberry fruits was se-lected.From 2013 to 2015,the biological traits of the new cultivar were evaluated,and a comparative trial was set up.Regional trials were conducted from 2016 to 2019 at five locations in Chongqing,in-cluding the Chongqing Sericultural Research Institute,Hechuan,Jiangjin,Fuling,and Wanzhou dis-tricts.In 2021,the cultivar was officially approved by the Chongqing Sericulture Cultivar Certification Committee and named Yuguo 1.The cultivar has a tall and spreading tree shape,with sturdy and up-right branches,numerous lateral branches,and strong shoot growth.The fruit is purplish-black and cy-lindrical(a length of 3.16 cm,and a diameter of 1.63 cm),with an average single fruit weight of 3.96 g.Yuguo 1 exhibits an average fruit set rate of 91.01%and an average annual fruit yield of 39.38 t·hm^(-2),which is 25.63%higher than the current main cultivar Hongguo 2.Additionally,it has an average annu-al mulberry leaf yield of 20.84 t·hm^(-2).The fruit contains an average sugar content of 9.5°Brix,reducing sugar content of 2.91%,total acid content of 3.56 g·kg^(-1),anthocyanin content of 0.10%,polyphenol con-tent of 4.25 mg·g^(-1),total flavonoid content of 5.26 mg·g^(-1),protein content of 12.12%,and juice extraction rate of 64.49%,indicating excellent quality.The flowering period of Yuguo 1 spans from March 10 to 30,with initial flowering occurring from March 10 to 17,full flowering from March 15 to 24,and fi-nal flowering from March 22 to 30.The mulberry fruit ripening period extends from April 11 to May 5,with peak ripening observed between April 19 and 26.Yuguo 1 has strong adaptability and is suitable for cultivation in the basins of the Yangtze River,Jinsha River,and Yellow River.It can be planted in clay,sandy loam,or loam with a soil layer thickness of 90-100 cm and has good yield potential.Yuguo 1 can be propagated by grafting,using the winter buds from late December to late January or the green branch method from April to June.In the first year,prune the main trunk to 35-40 cm in spring.In the second year,prune at 55-60 cm in summer to promote secondary branches.By the third year,prune at about 70 cm for tertiary branches.Afterward,annual winter and summer pruning after harvest should be conducted,maintaining 4000-5000 branches per 666.7 m2.As a dual-purpose cultivar,diseases like sclerotinia and pests like gall midges should be managed effectively.Apply annually 1700 kg of organic fertilizer,20 kg of nitrogen,45 kg of phosphorus,and 17 kg of potassium per 666.7 m2,with an N∶P∶K ratio of 50∶25∶40.
作者
宋志光
唐小平
梁九波
赵珮
袁姜莲
徐洪
王顺斌
黄传书
宋长贵
SONG Zhiguang;TANG Xiaoping;LIANG Jiubo;ZHAO Pei;YUAN Jianglian;XU Hong;WANG Shunbin;HUANG Chuanshu;SONG Changgui(Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute,Chongqing 400700,China;State Key Laboratory of Resource In-sects/Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期3073-3079,共7页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
重庆市茧丝绸发展项目(CQ2018JSCE06),重庆市茧丝绸发展项目(20230227164659789)。
关键词
桑
新品种
渝果1号
果叶兼用
高产
Mulberry
New cultivar
Yuguo1
Fruit-leaf dual usage
High yield
