摘要
雅丰是于2011年开展沙枣变种资源调查期间,在阿克苏地区沙雅县棉花地旁边的防护林中发现的新品种。雅丰属于大果沙枣黄果系列,大果型早熟优良丰产品种。果实长椭圆形,果皮薄,深黄色,果肉肉质松软,口感甜而细腻,有涩味。果实中抗坏血酸含量(w,后同)7.2 mg·100 g^(-1),果糖含量32.0 g·100 g^(-1),葡萄糖含量21.4 g·100 g^(-1),总酚含量766 mg·100 g^(-1),灰分含量4.5 g·100 g^(-1),淀粉含量43.9 g·100 g^(-1),并且微量元素也很丰富。3月中旬萌动,3月下旬展叶,4月中旬开花,5月中下旬坐果,9月中下旬果实成熟,11月上中旬落叶。雅丰品种适应性较强,可耐盐碱、耐瘠薄、耐旱、耐寒。在南疆及天山北坡地区均可直立越冬和种植,适合作为干果品种和大型干果品种的育种亲本。
During 2011,when we conducted a survey of the varietal resources of Elaeagnus moorcroft-ii,a 19-year-old Yafeng tree was found in the Shelterbelt beside a cotton field in Shaya County,Aksu Region,and its father and mother were unidentified.After regional trials in Atushi,Hotan,Moyu,and Wensu,its characteristics are stable.In 2022,the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau granted the first batch of new plant variety rights to the list of Yafeng,and in 2023,it passed the recognition of good va-rieties by the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The average height of Yafeng is 5 m,the diameter at breast height is 18 cm,the main trunk is grayish brown,and the branches are brownish red,without thorns.The leaves are simple and alternate,oblong-ovoid,entire,and obtuse,with an average leaf length of 7.25 cm and width of 2.2 cm.Yafeng belongs to the E.moor-croftii yellow fruit series of large-fruited and early-maturing varieties.The skin of the fruit is thin,deep yellow,the surface of the fruit is bright with few scales covered,the flesh of the fruit is fluffy,and the taste is sweet and delicate,with astringent flavor.The fruit is long ellipsoid,with short stalk,average longitudinal diameter of 2.89 cm,transverse diameter of 1.80 cm,and average single fruit mass of 2.03 g;the yield of single plant can reach 10-12 kg in full-fruiting period,and the edible rate is 78.03%.The ker-nel is long ovate,with an average diameter of 2.2 cm longitudinally and 0.55 cm transversally,full and plump,with an average weight of 0.45 g per kernel.The fruit contains 124 mg·kg^(-1) calcium,254 mg·kg^(-1) magnesium,38.6 mg·kg^(-1) iron,10.0 mg·kg^(-1) zinc,5.96 mg·kg^(-1) copper,7.2 mg·100 g^(-1) ascorbic acid,32.0 g·100 g^(-1) fructose,21.4 g·100 g^(-1) glucose,766 mg·100 g^(-1) total phenols,4.5 g·100 g^(-1) ash and,43.9 g·100 g^(-1) starch.This variety in Shaya region of Xinjiang begins to sprout in mid-March,the leaves grow by the end of March,the first flowering period is in mid-April and full bloom period is in early May,sets fruit at the end of May,fruits mature in late September,and leaf fall is from early to mid November.Yafeng is highly adaptable and can tolerate salinity,barrenness,drought and cold.Protection forest cultivation mode can adopt 1.5 m×2 m,or 2 m×2 m spacing.Orchard or piece of forest cultiva-tion mode,can use 4 m×5 m or 3 m×6 m spacing.Yafeng branching ability is strong,lateral branch growth is fast,bud notching,de-budding and branch thinning need to be strengthened.Irrigation is need-ed 4 to 6 times throughout the year.From May to June,nitrogen and potash fertilizers should be mainly applied,and from July to August,phosphorus fertilizer should be applied as the main component of the compound fertilizer.Early control of pest and disease damage is necessary,if any,during the growth of the tree.It can overwinter and be cultivated in an upright position in both southern Xinjiang and the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains,and is suitable for use as a breeding parent for dry fruit vari-eties.
作者
盛玮
刘巧玲
刘丽燕
SHENG Wei;LIU Qiaoling;LIU Liyan(Forestry Academy of Sciences,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期3063-3067,共5页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
2024年中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2024]TG20号)。
关键词
新疆大果沙枣
新品种
雅丰
Elaeagnus moorcroftii
New variety
Yafeng
