摘要
【目的】探究气象因子对红宝石青柚[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck. var. Ruby green pomelo]果实品质形成的影响,为广西引种区划及优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】在广西7个红宝石青柚引种果园开展定点观测,采集温度、降雨量、光照时间和相对湿度等气象数据,测定35份资源的成熟果实外观与内在品质指标。通过相关性分析明确气象因子与品质指标的关系,结合主成分分析筛选核心品质因子并构建综合评价模型。【结果】不同采样点的果实品质指标存在显著差异:容县点的果皮和巴马县点的果肉的亮度值(L*)显著高于其他地区;右江区点果皮薄、糖酸平衡、风味佳;环江县点的维生素C含量及固酸比高;隆安县点的无核特性突出;邕宁区点的果实出汁率(81.96%)高于其他地区;博白县点的果实中P(5.02 g·kg^(-1))、K(9.38 g·kg^(-1))和Zn(15.41 mg·kg^(-1))含量较为丰富。果实生长初期诺米林含量与降雨量呈显著正相关(r=0.776,P<0.05),而柠檬苦素含量与气象指标多为正相关(r=0.080~0.522)。果实膨大期,可滴定酸含量与温度呈显著正相关(r=0.740,P<0.05),与降雨量呈显著负相关(r=-0.724,P<0.05);近成熟期,可溶性固形物含量与相对湿度呈负相关(r=-0.469),与光照呈正相关(r=0.509)。矿质元素如Ca和Mg含量与气象因子关联性强。主成分分析提取7个主成分(累计贡献率为82.70%),分析结果表明,关键因子包括果实矿质元素、果皮厚度/酸度、果实大小、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、柠檬苦素含量、囊瓣数和种子特性等。环江县、隆安县和右江区的果实综合得分较高。【结论】温度是调控红宝石青柚品质的关键因子,显著影响囊瓣分化、可滴定酸含量及柠檬苦素积累;光照和相对湿度协同调节可溶性固形物合成;降雨量显著调控诺米林代谢及成熟进程。本研究结果表明,广西适宜红宝石青柚优质栽培的气候区域较为有限,建议优先选择年均温26℃、年日照>1500 h和相对湿度86%~88%的区域引种。
【Objective】Ruby Green pomelo[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck],a recently introduced cultivar from Thailand,is characterized by green peel and red flesh at maturity.Its trees exhibit vigorous growth and a short juvenile phase before fruiting.Its fruit is characterized by desirable flavor,strong resistance to storage and transport stress,and advantageous off-season productivity,a high import price per single fruit(200-300 yuan per fruit),and broad market prospects,which has set off a“boom”in domestic planting.However,significant regional differences in fruit quality and economic viability have been ob-served in Guangxi,where subtropical and South Asian monsoon climates(hot-humid summers,mild dry winters,and hot and humid all year round)pose challenges to standardized cultivation practices.The purpose of this study is to clarify the regulation mechanism of climate factors on the quality forma-tion of Ruby Green pomelo,determine the key climate-sensitive indicators,and simultaneously build a comprehensive quality evaluation model for pomelo by screening the core quality traits.【Methods】The field investigation and sampling after the introduction of Ruby Green pomelo were carried out in seven representative orchards in Guangxi(Nanning,Yulin,Baise,Hechi,etc.),with a total of 7 sam-pling points,and 35 resources of Ruby Green pomelo were collected.The meteorological data of tem-perature,rainfall,illumination time,and relative humidity were collected throughout the whole develop-ment stage of fruit.Sensory evaluation of 35 fruits was carried out by a tasting panel composed of 20 members,and 24 quality indexes of all fruits were evaluated,including morphology(peel thickness,fruit weight),soluble solid content(SSC),titratable acidity(TA),solid-acid ratio,nutrients(vitamin C,Ca,Mg)and secondary metabolites(limonin and nomilin).Correlation analysis was used to quantify the relationship between climate variables and quality indicators.Principal component analysis(PCA)transformed the data into seven core components(eigenvalues>1)by dimensionality reduction,which explained the cumulative variance of 82.70%.A weighted evaluation model(F)is established to grade and rank the suitability of each region.【Results】Although the seven sampling points were located in a subtropical monsoon climate,there were differences in microclimate in each orchard.We obtained accu-rate orchard meteorological data for analysis through the intelligent agriculture cloud platform of Jiejia-run Company(http://www.jjr.vip).The comprehensive score ranking of sensory evaluation of Ruby Green pomelo is:YouJiang(YOQ)>HuanJiang(HNJ)>BaMa(BMA)>RongXian(ROG)>YongNing(YNG)>BoBai(BBA)>LongAn(LGA).The results of sensory evaluation were influ-enced by water content,bitterness,and the sugar-to-acid ratio of fruit,but also easily influenced by indi-vidual taste preference.Correlation analysis shows that temperature played a dominant role in quality regulation.The average temperature(>25℃)during fruit expansion period strongly increased the number of fruit capsules(r=0.970,P<0.01),but it induced the accumulation of limonin in the case of more extreme temperatures,which affected the sweetness and sourness of the fruit.Soluble solid con-tent was positively correlated with the duration of light during maturity(r=0.509).Rainfall negatively reg-ulated TA(r=-0.724,P<0.01)and promoted the synthesis of nomilin(r=0.776,P<0.01),indicating the biphasic effect of water stress.Among the mineral elements,calcium was negatively correlated with average temperature(r=-0.884,P<0.01),and magnesium positively correlated with rainfall(r=-0.821,P<0.01).Potassium and zinc showed no climate sensitivity(P>0.05).Among the seven sampling points,the dominant areas of YOQ,HNJ and LGA had the highest comprehensive score(F=0.05-0.32),and were characterized by the balance of heat and water resources(effective accumulated tempera-ture>750 Ac(℃·d)/month and rainfall of 1200-1450 mm).The single fruit weight of YOQ was the largest,and its juice yield(79.12%)was relatively high.The fruit of HNJ performed well in SSC(11.61°Brix),solid-acid ratio(25.47)and vitamin C content(66.58 mg·100 g^(-1)).Although the fruit of LGA is seedless,its titratable acidity was very high(0.86 mg·L^(-1)).Principal component analysis(PCA)gave priority to seven quality components:nutrient elements(0.92),peel thickness and titratable acidity(0.87),fruit size(0.84),soluble solid content and fruit shape(0.81),bitterness(0.78),capsule number(0.75)and seed character(0.70).The model confirmed the relationship between climate and fruit quali-ty,and the comprehensive score showed that HNJ,YOQ and LGA ranked the highest.【Conclusion】The synergistic effect of temperature,light and relative humidity is the key to fruit quality formation of Ruby Green pomelo.Based on principal component analysis,the key quality parameters include fruit nutrient elements,peel thickness and titratable acidity,fruit size,fruit shape and soluble solid content,nomilin and limonin abundance,capsule number and seed characteristics.The comprehensive evalua-tion results also show that the ranking of comprehensive performance in each place is:HNJ>LGA>YOQ>ROG>YNG>BMA>BBA.To sum up,it is suggested that standardized planting schemes should be adopted in areas with high comprehensive scores to promote the improvement and stability of fruit quality,so as to obtain geographical indication certification.The future research must integrate soil microorganism interaction and field cultivation management into the“climate-soil-management”cou-pling model,and adopt artificial intelligence algorithm to improve the prediction accuracy of the com-prehensive evaluation model.This study provides scientific basis for the adaptability of introduction of green pomelo in subtropical areas.
作者
李鸾翔
唐小霄
李美莹
谭海
黄桂香
LI Luanxiang;TANG Xiaoxiao;LI Meiying;TAN Hai;HUANG Guixiang(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期3018-3032,共15页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
巴马县人才科技计划项目(巴人科20220013)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22068092)。
关键词
红宝石青柚
气象因子
矿质元素
果实品质
品质综合评价模型
Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.ruby green pomelo
Meteorological factors
Mineral elements
Fruit quality
Comprehensive quality evaluation model
