摘要
为实现番荔枝高效栽培和增产提质目标,实施有效的种植管理、筛选出最佳灌溉方案,以番荔枝为对象,在云南省干热河谷地区开展三因素三水平正交试验(灌溉量、施肥量、溶氧量),探究水肥气耦合对番荔枝生长、产量及品质的影响,并基于主成分分析(PCA)与灰色关联分析(GRA)构建综合评价模型。结果表明:不同水肥气处理对番荔枝的土壤酶活性、光合特性、产量和品质指标均有显著影响。其中,W3F2O1处理(100%ET c灌水+1600 kg·hm^(-2)施肥+5 mg·L^(-1)溶氧)综合表现最优,其单株产量9.83 kg,较对照处理提升11.96%,净光合速率峰值10.5μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),通过平衡水肥气配比显著降低有机酸含量(0.30%)实现产量与品质协同优化。W3F3O2处理(高水、高肥、中氧)虽在维生素C(29.9 mg·100g^(-1))和可溶性固形物(25.09%)含量方面表现突出,但存在有机酸积累问题。通过PCA-GRA综合评价方法验证,推荐W3F2O1处理作为番荔枝高产优质栽培的最优方案,W3F3O2处理作为高品质栽培的备选方案。该研究为热带果树精准灌溉提供了理论依据并验证了多方法融合评价在农业系统中的适用性。
To achieve efficient cultivation and improve the yield and quality of Annona squamosa L.(custard apple),effective planting management and optimal irrigation schemes were implemented.A three-factor,three-level orthogonal experiment(irrigation rate,fertilization rate,and dissolved oxygen)was conducted in the dry-hot valley region of Yunnan Province to investigate the effects of water-fertilizer-gas coupling on custard apple growth,yield,and quality.A comprehensive evaluation model was constructed based on principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis.The results showed that different water-fertilizer-gas treatments significantly affected soil enzyme activity,photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and quality indicators of custard apple.The W3F2O1 treatment(100%ET c irrigation+1600 kg·hm^(-2)fertilization+5 mg·L^(-1)dissolved oxygen)achieved the best overall performance,with a yield of 9.83 kg per plant,an 11.96%increase compared to the control treatment,and a peak net photosynthetic rate of 10.5μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).By balancing the water-fertilizer-gas ratio,the organic acid content was significantly reduced(by 0.30%),achieving synergistic optimization of yield and quality.While the W3F3O2 treatment(high water,high fertilizer,moderate oxygen)showed outstanding results in terms of vitamin C(29.9 mg·100g^(-1))and soluble solids(25.09%),it also suffered from organic acid accumulation.Using the PCA-GRA comprehensive evaluation method,the W3F2O1 treatment was recommended as the optimal solution for high-yield and high-quality custard apple cultivation,while the W3F3O2 treatment was recommended as an alternative for high-quality cultivation.This study provides a theoretical basis for precision irrigation of tropical fruit trees and validates the applicability of multi-method fusion evaluation in agricultural systems.
作者
余红
刘娅芳
蔡礼良
王卫华
YU Hong;LIU Yafang;CAI Liliang;WANG Weihua(Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
北大核心
2025年第6期140-149,共10页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52169008)。
关键词
番荔枝
水肥气耦合
主成分分析
灰色关联度
综合评价
Annona squamosa L.
water-fertiliser-air coupling
principal component analysis
grey relational analysis
comprehensive evaluation
