摘要
滨海湿地内拥有丰富的盐沼植被资源,如芦苇、碱蓬等,但目前盐沼植被对湿地区域的水动力、泥沙输运及促淤作用的影响仍缺乏系统的量化认知。文章以辽河口滨海湿地为研究对象,基于Delft3D水动力-泥沙耦合模型,采用数值模拟方法定量研究了湿地芦苇和碱蓬植被群落对水域水动力特征、泥沙输运及沉降过程的影响。结果显示:盐沼植被对涨落潮的潮位影响微弱,对潮流流速的影响较为明显,且不同植被类型对流速的影响存在明显差异,芦苇对流速的衰减作用大于盐地碱蓬植被;盐地碱蓬植被对悬浮泥沙的截留率大于光滩区,不同潮期盐沼植被对悬浮泥沙的截留能力呈现出较大差异,悬浮泥沙的截留量表现为:小潮期<中潮期<大潮期,悬浮泥沙沉积致使潮滩地形呈现出淤积态势。由此可见,辽河口的盐沼植被具有加速潮滩淤积、稳固潮滩地貌的作用。
The coastal wetland is covered by abundant salt marsh vegetation such as Suaeda salsa and Phmites australis,but there is still a shortage of quantitative evidence of the effect of salt marsh vegetation on hydrodynamics,sediment transport and accretion in the coastal wetland area now.Based on the Delft3D hydrodynamic and sediment model and taking the estuary wetlands as the case study object,this paper quantitatively investigated how Suaeda salsa and Phmites australis plants communities influenced on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the watershed,sediment transport and deposition in the wetlands of the Liao River Estuary by means of numerical simulation methods.The results show that the salt marsh vegetation has a weak effect on the tidal levels during the flood and ebb tides,and a more obvious effect on the tidal current,and there are distinct differences in the influence of various vegetation types on the tidal velocity,and the Phmites australis plant has a greater attenuation effect on the tidal velocity than that of Suaeda salsa vegetation.The interception capacity of suspended sediments by salt marsh vegetation in different tidal periods shows great differences.The interception rate of suspended sediments by salt marsh vegetation is greater than that in the bare beach area.The interception amount of suspended sediments was expressed as:the neap period<middle tide period<spring tide period.The deposition of suspended sediments causes the intertidal beach topography to show an accretion trend.It can be seen that the salt marsh vegetation in the Liao River Estuary can effectively accelerate the deposition of the beach and stabilize the beach landform.
作者
李秋颐
郎梓萱
曹鑫宇
张明亮
LI Qiuyi;LANG Zixuan;CAO Xinyu;ZHANG Mingliang(School of Marine Science and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;Liaoning Provincial Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Offshore Ecological Environment and Disaster Protection,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China)
出处
《华东地质》
2025年第4期467-478,共12页
East China Geology
基金
国家自然科学基金“复杂波流环境中盐沼湿地的水沙动力过程及地貌演化机理研究(编号:52471270)”
辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金“辽河口及临近海域污染物迁移转化及陆海响应机制研究(编号:LJ232410158063)”
大连海洋大学基本科研业务经费“辽河口及临近海域污染物迁移转化及陆海响应机制研究(编号:2024JBPTZ003)”项目联合资助。
关键词
辽河口
Delft3D模型
潮滩湿地
盐沼植被
泥沙运输
数值模拟
the Liao River
Delft3D model
the tidal wetlands
the salt marsh vegetation
sediment transportation
numerical simulation
