摘要
如何促进银行业竞争不仅事关金融资源配置效率的提升,更事关金融供给侧结构性改革的推进。为此,论文利用2003—2022年中国30米分辨率年度土地覆盖数据集构造城市空间紧凑度指标,借助金融许可证持有机构数据计算城市内部企业附近金融机构网点数量,从要素集聚视角分析城市空间形态如何影响银行业竞争。研究发现,松散的城市空间形态会削弱银行业竞争、降低金融可及性,表现为松散的空间形态减少了城市内部企业附近金融机构网点数量,包括存款类和非存款类金融机构网点数量。机制检验表明,松散的城市空间形态通过阻碍技术要素集聚和资本要素集聚,削弱银行业竞争。异质性分析表明,松散的城市空间形态对银行业竞争的负面影响在中部城市、大城市和内陆城市更明显。进一步考察发现,城市多中心发展、社会失信、高铁开通和金融市场化会强化松散空间形态对银行业竞争的负面影响。结论表明,紧凑的城市空间形态有利于促进要素资源集聚,推动银行业竞争,提高金融可及性。
Promoting competition in the banking sector is not only crucial for improving the efficiency of financial resource allocation but also for advancing financial supply-side structural reforms.To this end,this paper utilizes the 20032022 China 30-meter resolution annual land cover dataset to construct an urban spatial compactness index.By leveraging data on financial license-holding institutions,it calculates the number of financial institution branches near businesses within cities.From the perspective of factor agglomeration,the study analyzes how urban spatial form influences banking sector competition.The study finds that a dispersed spatial structure weakens banking competition and reduces financial accessibility,manifested in a decrease in the number of financial institution branches near businesses within cities,including both deposit-taking and nondeposit-taking financial institutions.Mechanism tests indicate that a dispersed spatial structure weakens banking competition by hindering the aggregation of technological and capital factors.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the negative impact of a dispersed urban spatial structure on banking competition is more pronounced in central cities,large cities,and inland cities.Further examination reveals that urban multi-center development,social distrust,high-speed rail opening,and financial marketization exacerbate the negative impact of a dispersed spatial structure on banking competition.The conclusions suggest that a compact urban spatial structure facilitates the aggregation of factor resources,promotes banking competition,and enhances financial accessibility.
出处
《农村金融研究》
北大核心
2025年第10期53-66,共14页
Rural Finance Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金西部和边疆地区项目“异质性劳动力配置、技术空间扩散与资本跨区域流动研究”(编号:24XJC790007)的研究成果。
关键词
空间形态
银行业竞争
要素集聚
金融地理
金融可及性
Spatial Form
Banking Competition
Factor Agglomeration
Financial Geography
Financial Accessibility
