摘要
铀转化和铀浓缩设施中含铀的液态流出物放射性核素排放浓度,是核安全监管液态流出物的重要内容。为深入理解含铀废水监测及其监管,有必要从放射性活度浓度限值、铀浓度限值及其相互关系进行研究分析。首先从该管理限值源头入手,分析国际原子能机构相关建议值,对比美国核管理委员会监管限值,结合我国辐射剂量管理限值指导原则进行推导,最后对比目前实施的废水α活度浓度与铀浓度限值的关系。通过以上研究分析,可以发现我国含铀废水监管要求与国际原子能机构的指导原则一致,且高于美国的监管要求,但也存在我国铀浓度管理限值与α活度浓度限值匹配性不够的问题。因此,结合监管实际,可得出我国含铀的液态流出物排放监管要求是安全可靠的,并提出放射性流出物排放监管中存在的问题及注意事项,提出相应标准的制修订建议。
The radionuclide emission concentration in uranium-containing liquid effluents from uranium conversion and enrichment facilities constitutes a key aspect of nuclear safety supervision for liquid effluents.To gain an in-depth understanding of the monitoring and supervision of uranium-containing wastewater,it is necessary to conduct research and analysis on the radioactive activity concentration limit,uranium concentration limit,and their interrelationships.Starting from the origins of these regulatory limits,this study first analyzes the relevant recommended values of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA),compares them with the regulatory limits of the U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC),and derives conclusions based on China's guiding principles for radiation dose management limits.Finally,it compares the relationship between the currently implemented alpha activity concentration limits and uranium concentration limits for wastewater.Through the above research and analysis,it can be found that China's regulatory requirements for uranium-containing wastewater are consistent with the guiding principles of the IAEA and more stringent than those of the United States.However,there remains an issue of insufficient alignment between China's uranium concentration management limits and alpha activity concentration limits.Therefore,considering the actual supervision practices,it can be concluded that China's regulatory requirements for the discharge of uranium-containing liquid effluents are safe and reliable.This study also identifies the problems and precautions in the supervision of radioactive effluent discharge,and puts forward suggestions for the formulation and revision of relevant standards.
作者
苗隆鑫
殷德健
姚永奎
杨震
YIN Dejian;YAO Yongkui;YANG Zhen(North-Western China Regional Office of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Inspection,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Lanzhou 730020,China)
出处
《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》
2025年第6期114-121,共8页
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
关键词
铀转化和铀浓缩设施
流出物
a活度浓度
铀浓度
核安全监管
Uranium processing and enrichment facilities
Effluent
Alpha activity concentration
Uranium concentration
Nuclear regulatory
