摘要
超声导波是理想的钢轨无损检测技术,对于钢轨在运营中产生的各种损伤具有良好的检测能力。超声导波的多模式特性使得导波模式对不同类型的损伤在敏感性上具有一定的差异,而选择适合的导波模式可以提高检测的精度。因此,本文采用半解析有限元法(Semi-Analytical FiniteElementMethod,SAFEM)建立高速铁路上常见的CHN60钢轨模型,并计算超声导波的频散曲线,得到了导波传播的相速度和群速度。另外,根据导波模式的波结构,以位移分布为指标进行波结构分析,选取适用于钢轨不同位置损伤的导波模式。最后,还通过目标模式的表面位移分布给出了适宜的激励方法。结果表明:在钢轨中可传播导波模式数量众多,而在常见的40kHz频率下,适宜轨头检测的导波模式为模式14,适宜轨腰检测的导波模式为模式3,适宜轨底检测的导波模式为模式8。上述模式的位移能量泄露小且易于识别,对目标区域的损伤具有良好的检测能力。本文结果可供超声导波检测损伤时选择与激励导波模式提供参考,具有一定的实际价值。
Ultrasonic guided waves,as an ideal non-destructive testing(NDT)technology for rails,exhibit excellent advantages for detecting damage in rails.Guided wave modes have varying sensitivities to different types of damage due to their multi-modal properties.Therefore,selecting appropriate guided wave modes can improve the accuracy of detection.In this study,a semi-analytical finite element method(SAFEM)is employed to establish the finite element model of the commonly used CHN60 rail,and the dispersion curves of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in the rail are calculated,and the phase velocity curves and group velocity curves are obtained.Additionally,the wave structures of each mode are analysed based on their displacement distributions,and the guided wave modes with high sensitivity to specific damage types at different locations in the rail are selected.Finally,appropriate excitation methods are proposed based on the surface displacement distributions of the selected modes.The results indicate that at the commonly used frequency of 40 kHz,Mode 14 is suitable for detecting the damage of the rail head,Mode 3 is suitable for detecting the damage of the rail web,and Mode 8 is suitable for detecting the damage of the rail base.These modes exhibit low displacement energy leakage,are easily identifiable,and possess good damage detection capabilities in the target areas.The findings of this study provide a reference for selecting and exciting guided wave modes in ultrasonic guided wave testing of rails and is valuable for practical applications.
作者
李杨
王建军
康晨曦
艾博文
李苇航
陈华鹏
LI Yang;WANG Jianjun;KANG Chenxi;Ai Bowen;LI Weihang;CHEN Huapeng(Zhengzhou Group Corporation of China Railway Bureau,Zhengzhou 450015,China;School of Transportation Engineering,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330103,China;Department of Information Engineering,Jiangxi Water ResourcesInstitute,Nanchang 330103,China)
出处
《机械》
2025年第12期39-45,共7页
Machinery
基金
中国铁路郑州局集团有限公司科研项目(2024G02)。
关键词
超声导波
无损检测
半解析有限元法
波结构分析
guided wave
non-destructive testing
semi-analytical finite element method
wave structure analysis
