摘要
高锰奥氏体钢因其极高的强韧性、低磁导率、高抗疲劳、低生产成本等综合性能,被广泛用于航空航天、石油化工和轨道交通等重要行业.高锰奥氏体钢的变形机制包括马氏体相变、孪生与位错滑移,主要由层错能决定,而层错能的高低受合金元素与变形温度的显著.系统综述了C、Mn、Si、Nb、Ti、V、Mo、Al、Cr及稀土等合金元素对高锰奥氏体钢层错能、微观组织与力学性能的作用机制,得出C、Mn、Nb、Ti、Al元素提高层错能,有助于提升断后伸长率,Si、Mo、Cr元素则降低层错能,更有利于增强抗拉强度,提出了优化的合金成分配比(质量分数)建议:C<0.6%、Mn>18%、0.3%~0.6%Si、0.29%~0.3%Nb、0%~0.15%Ti、0.15%~0.3%V、0.8%~1.3%Mo、1%~3%Cr,Al<2%.此外,适量添加稀土元素可净化钢液、改善夹杂物形态、细化晶粒并抑制碳化物析出,从而进一步提高钢的综合力学性能,为高锰奥氏体钢及其配套焊接材料的成分设计与工程应用提供了重要参考.
High-manganese austenitic steel,known for its excellent comprehensive properties of ultra-high strength and toughness,low magnetic permeability,high fatigue resistance,and low production cost,is widely used in critical industries such as aerospace,petrochemical,and rail transportation.The deformation mechanisms of high-manganese austenitic steel,including martensitic phase transformation,twinning,and dislocation movement,are mainly determined by the stacking fault energy(SFE),which is significantly affected by alloying elements and deformation temperature.The influence of alloying elements such as C,Mn,Si,Nb,Ti,V,Mo,Al,Cr,and rare earth elements on the SFE,microstructure,and mechanical properties of high-manganese austenitic steel was reviewed.It is concluded that elements including C,Mn,Nb,Ti,and Al increase the SFE,thereby enhancing the percentage elongation after fracture,while Si,Mo,and Cr decrease the SFE,which is more conducive to improving tensile strength.An optimized alloy composition ratio is recommended as follows:C<0.6%,Mn>18%,0.3%~0.6%Si,0.29%~0.3%Nb,0%~0.15%Ti,0.15%~0.3%V,0.8%~1.3%Mo,1%~3%Cr,and Al<2%.Moreover,the appropriate addition of rare earth elements can purify the molten steel,modify the morphology of inclusions,refine grains,and inhibit carbide precipitation,thereby further improving the overall mechanical properties of high-manganese austenitic steel.This review provides valuable guidance for the composition design and engineering application of high-manganese austenitic steels and their corresponding welding consumables.
作者
张天理
彭净净
方乃文
马建国
徐连勇
陈振刚
俞华琴
ZHANG Tianli;PENG Jingjing;FANG Naiwen;MA Jianguo;XU Lianyong;CHEN Zhengang;YU Huaqin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai,201620,China;Materials Academy,JITRI,Suzhou,215131,China;Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,Harbin,150028,China;Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei,230031,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin,300072,China;Shanghai Tayor Heavy Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai,201321,China)
出处
《焊接学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期133-144,共12页
Transactions of The China Welding Institution
基金
上海市Ⅲ类高峰学科-材料科学与工程(高能束智能加工与绿色制造)
泰山产业领军人才工程专项经费资助。
关键词
高锰奥氏体钢
合金元素
层错能
变形机制
微观组织
力学性能
high manganese austenitic steel
alloying element
stacking fault energy
deformation mechanism
microstructure
mechanical property
