摘要
为构建矿区综合防污染体系、保障土壤与地下水安全并维护公众健康,系统研究矿区重金属的释放与迁移规律,发展相应的污染评价与数值模拟方法,具有重要科学意义与实践价值。本综述在梳理已有研究成果的基础上,系统归纳了尾砂与废石中重金属释放研究的常用实验方法及动力学模型,总结了内在矿物学特性与外部环境因子对重金属释放行为的影响机制,揭示了重金属赋存形态、理化特性及土壤理化性质在其迁移过程中的关键作用;同时,系统评述了当前地下水重金属污染领域常用的评价方法与数值模拟软件,对比分析了各类方法与工具的适用条件及局限性,并探讨了机器学习技术在该领域的新兴应用进展。研究表明,尽管现有成果在揭示矿区重金属在地下水环境中的释放迁移规律及污染评价预测方面已取得重要进展,但在全面阐释多因子耦合作用下的释放迁移机制与实现长期动态精准预测方面仍面临挑战。未来研究应加强实验室机理研究与现场监测的结合,推动多学科交叉与数据驱动技术的深度融合,从而为矿区重金属地下水污染防控与生态环境保护提供更加坚实的科学依据与技术支撑。
To construct a comprehensive anti-pollution system in mining areas,ensure the safety of soil and groundwater,and safeguard public health,it is of great scientific and practical value to investigate the release and migration patterns of heavy metals in mining areas and developing corresponding pollution assessment and numerical simulation methods.Based on sorting out existing research results,this review systematically summarizes the common experimental methods and kinetic models for studying heavy metal release from tailings and waste rocks,concludes the influence mechanisms of internal mineralogical characteristics and external environmental factors on heavy metal release behavior,and reveals the key roles of heavy metal occurrence forms,physical and chemical properties,and soil physical and chemical properties in their migration process.Meanwhile,this paper systematically reviews the common assessment methods and numerical simulation software currently used in the field of groundwater heavy metal pollution,conducts a comparative analysis of the applicable conditions and limitations of various methods and tools,and discusses the emerging application progress of machine learning technology in this field.Research shows that although existing achievements have made important progress in revealing the release and migration laws of heavy metals in the groundwater environment of mining areas and in pollution assessment and prediction,challenges still exist in comprehensively explaining the release and migration mechanisms under the coupling effect of multiple factors and realizing long-term dynamic and accurate prediction.Future studies should strengthen the combination of laboratory mechanism research and on-site monitoring,promote the in-depth integration of interdisciplinary collaboration and data-driven technologies,thereby providing more solid scientific basis and technical support for the prevention and control of heavy metal groundwater pollution and ecological environment protection in mining areas.
作者
张文静
涂志鹏
贾媛媛
Zhang Wenjing;Tu Zhipeng;Jia Yuanyuan(Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment(Jilin University),Ministry of Education,Changchun 130021,China;College of New Energy and Environment,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China)
出处
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期2001-2027,共27页
Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3706002)。
关键词
地下水
矿区重金属
释放迁移
影响机制
污染预测
groundwater
heavy metals in mining areas
release and migration
influencing mechanism
pollution prediction
