摘要
为应对农田土壤中重金属和有机污染复合胁迫,本文旨在系统综述生物炭与微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(microbially induced carbonate precipitation,MICP)联用技术的关键作用机制、影响因素及修复潜力。基于近年来相关文献,对生物炭与MICP在污染物稳定化中的材料特性、微生物矿化路径及协同过程进行对比分析,并总结联用体系在不同污染情景下的性能表现及环境风险。生物炭通过吸附、络合和调控pH实现污染物短期固定,但稳定性受老化及环境因子影响;MICP可通过碳酸钙沉淀、晶格置换等机制实现重金属长效固化,但反应速率和条件适应性有限。二者联用能发挥显著协同效应:生物炭提供微生物载体与富集位点,促进脲酶活性与碳酸盐生成,MICP形成的矿化层增强生物炭稳定性,从而降低污染物迁移性并改善土壤微生物结构与酶活性。但该技术仍面临氨氮积累、土壤孔隙堵塞及长期生态影响不明等问题。MICP-生物炭联用技术兼具快速吸附与长期稳定化优势,是农田污染土壤修复的潜在高效路径。未来研究应聚焦菌株工程化、低成本钙源开发、生物炭定向改性、多过程协同体系构建及长期环境效应评价。
This review aims to elucidate the synergistic mechanisms,influential factors,and remediation potential of combined biochar-microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)technology for addressing complex contamination in farmland soils.Recent studies were systematically analyzed to compare the physicochemical properties of biochar and the microbial mineralization pathways of MICP,assess their respective stabilization mechanisms for pollutants,and evaluate the performance and environmental implications of their combined application under different contamination scenarios.Biochar immobilizes pollutants via adsorption,complexation,and pH regulation,but its long-term stability is constrained by environmental aging.MICP achieves durable heavy-metal stabilization through carbonate precipitation and lattice incorporation,yet suffers from slow reaction rates and environmental sensitivity.Their combination produces notable synergistic effects:biochar serves as a microbial carrier and pollutant enrichment matrix to enhance urease activity and carbonate formation,while MICP-generated mineral layers reinforce biochar stability.The joint system reduces pollutant mobility and improves soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity.However,issues such as ammonia accumulation,pore clogging,and uncertain long-term ecological impacts remain unresolved.The biochar-MICP combined approach integrates rapid adsorption with durable mineral stabilization,offering a promising strategy for farmland soil remediation.Future research should focus on microbial engineering,cost-effective calcium sources,targeted biochar modification,multi-process collaborative remediation systems,and long-term ecological risk assessment.
作者
张大奕
刘志强
么琳颖
范晓露
高静
Zhang Dayi;Liu Zhiqiang;Yao Linying;Fan Xiaolu;Gao Jing(Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment(Jilin University),Ministry of Education,Changchun 130021,China;College of New Energy&Environment,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Restoration(Shenyang University),Ministry of Education,Shenyang 110044,China;School of New Materials and Chemical Engineering,Tangshan University,Tangshan 063000,Hebei,China;Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410315,China)
出处
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期1958-1980,共23页
Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3706704)。
关键词
微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀
生物炭
农田污染土壤
联用技术
microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)
biochar
contaminated farmland soil
combined remediation technology
