摘要
月球光谱学是一门通过光谱学手段研究月球地质与环境演化的学科,以获取月球表面物质组成为主要科学目标。通过获取月表多波段光谱信息,可有效识别月球矿物种类、丰度与分布,揭示月壳和月幔的组成特征、内部热演化状态以及地质演化历史。本文简要介绍了月球紫外-可见-近红外反射光谱、热发射光谱、激光主动光谱和能谱的基本原理与应用概况,对阿波罗时代以来月球矿物学的主要研究进展进行总结归纳,重点介绍中国嫦娥系列探月任务中,利用月球光谱学技术所取得的重要成果。嫦娥一号与二号任务建立了中国月球遥感数据体系,嫦娥三号与四号实现了月球正背面原位巡视探测任务,为识别玄武岩类型、月壳深部物质组成提供了多源光谱数据。嫦娥五号任务返回了迄今最年轻的玄武岩样品,光谱学分析揭示了月球晚期火山岩的组成特征及太空风化机制,嫦娥六号任务返回了人类首份月背样品,为研究月球深部物质组成和月背火山成因提供了全新的研究线索。综合已有探测数据与样品研究成果,1꞉250万月球全月岩石类型分布图编制完成,该图集成了当前对月球内动力作用和岩石类型分布的系统认识,为月球地质研究提供了统一参考。随着光谱探测技术的发展,月球光谱学技术将更加精细化与系统化,有望在解答月球乃至类地行星早期地质演化与岩浆分异等重大科学问题方面继续发挥关键作用。
The lunar spectroscopy is an important technique for exploring the Moon.Its main scientific goal is to obtain the composition of materials on the lunar surface.By obtaining multi-band spectral data of materials on the lunar surface,the types,abundance and spatial distribution of lunar minerals can be effectively identified,and the compositional characteristics,internal thermal evolution,and the geological evolution history of the lunar crust and mantle can be revealed.In this paper,we have briefly introduced the basic principles and application overviews of lunar UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy,thermal infrared emission spectroscopy,active laser spectroscopy and energy spectroscopy,reviewed and summarized research progresses of the lunar mineralogy since the Apollo era,with a particular focus on the important scientific achievements gained through the China’s Chang’e lunar exploration missions by using lunar spectroscopy technology.A lunar remote sensing data system was established through the Chang’e-1 and Chang’e-2 missions and the insitu roving exploration on both the near and far sides of the Moon was achieved through the Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 missions,providing multi-source spectral data for identifying types of mare basalts and compositions of farside crustal materials of the Moon.The Chang’e-5 mission returned the youngest known lunar basalt sample to date.Their spectroscopic analyses revealed the compositional characteristics the late-stage volcanic rocks and the mechanism of space weathering on the Moon.Recently,the Chang’e-6 mission returned the first batch of samples from the farside of the Moon,providing brand-new research clues for investigating compositions of the crustal materials and volcanic genesis of the South Pole–Aitken basin on the farside of the Moon.Based on the existing detection data and sample research results,the lithologic map of the Moon at a 1꞉2500000 scale has been completed.This map integrates the current systematic understanding of the lunar internal dynamic processes and rock-type distribution on the Moon,providing a unified reference for the comprehensive lunar geological studies.With the development of spectral detection techniques,lunar spectroscopy technology is expected to become increasingly refined and systematic,and is expected to continue to play a crucial role in addressing major key scientific questions such as the early geological evolution and magmatic differentiation of the Moon and other terrestrial planets.
作者
凌宗成
卢学金
LING Zongcheng;LU Xuejin(School of Space Science and Technology,Shandong University,Weihai Shandong 264209,China;Institute of Space Sciences,Shandong University,Weihai Shandong 264209,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology,Weihai Shandong 264209,China)
出处
《矿物学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1089-1105,共17页
Acta Mineralogica Sinica
基金
科技部国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2022YFF0711403)
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:123B2046)。
关键词
月球
光谱学
元素反演
矿物反演
岩石类型填图
嫦娥探月任务
The Moon
spectroscopy
composition
mineralogy
lithologic mapping
the Chang’e lunar exploration missions
