摘要
美国较早面临人口老龄化挑战,老年教育需求持续扩大,但存在师资短缺、结构失衡、专业化不足等突出问题。为应对这些挑战,美国通过构建以《美国老年人法案》为基础的法律与资金保障机制,形成多元化师资来源与开放灵活的遴选机制,建立涵盖职前培训、在职发展、资源支持与专业认证的系统化成长路径等举措,打造了一套开放、多元、协同的老年教育师资体系。体系充分尊重老年学习者的主体性、广泛界定教育者角色。基于中美两国在文化传统和发展阶段上的差异,研究认为我国老年教育应建立以能力为导向的师资标准与专业发展体系,构建“专职引领、兼职支撑、银发补充”的多元师资开发模式,创新兼顾可持续性与激励效应的资源保障机制,加强老年教育师资专题研究等,逐步构建兼具专业性、包容性与可持续性的中国特色老年教育师资发展模式。
The United States is one of the earlier countries to develop elderly education.Its teacher education system has important reference value in terms of qualification certification,professional development,support networks,and ethical practice.This article uses the literature research method and case analysis method.It systematically sorts out the background faced by the construction of teacher education for the elderly in the United States.There are three aspects:the structural contradiction between the expansion of demand and the shortage of teachers.There is also the gap between institutional guarantees and actual implementation.Finally,there is the matching problem between standardized construction and human resource reserves.Then,it deeply analyzes the path of teacher education construction for the elderly in the United States from three dimensions:institutional guarantees,teacher composition,and professional development system.The research finds that the United States has constructed a diverse,open,and collaborative professional teacher ecosystem.The key lies in fully respecting the subjectivity of elderly learners,broadly defining the role of educators,and systematically creating a supportive environment.Given the differences in cultural traditions and development stages between China and the United States,certain countermeasures have been proposed.These include establishing competency-oriented teacher standards,constructing a diverse teacher model,innovating resource guarantee mechanisms,and strengthening thematic research on teachers.
作者
成蕾
Cheng Lei(Jiangsu Open University,Jiangsu 201136,China)
出处
《职教论坛》
北大核心
2025年第12期69-76,共8页
Journal of Vocational Education
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“新时代老年教育服务体系建设研究”(编号:VKA220009),主持人:吴峰
江苏开放大学思政精品培育项目“云端思政:让理想信念教育持续‘在线’”(编号:2023SZJP003),主持人:成蕾。
关键词
老年教育
师资体系
美国
elderly education
teacher system
United States
