摘要
长期大量施用化肥已导致我国农业面临资源浪费、土壤质量下降、作物产量减少及生态失衡等问题,而微藻可释放生物活性物质及微量元素,通过刺激土壤益生菌增殖和促进植物种子萌发改良土壤结构,因此,探究微藻与益生菌的协同作用对缓解土壤退化、提升农业可持续性具有重要研究意义。为了探究小球藻(Chlorella sorokiniana)活藻、细胞破碎液及上清液与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)混合液对小麦种子萌发和土壤养分的影响。设计两个方面的处理组,一组是微藻影响枯草芽孢杆菌生长的7个处理,包括空白对照(CK,未添加处理)、仅微藻培养基(Q-1)、仅菌培养基(Q-2)、单独枯草芽孢杆菌(Q-3)、活藻+菌(Q-4,活体小球藻液与菌液混合)、上清液+菌(Q-5,藻上清液与菌液混合)、破碎液+菌(Q-6,藻破碎液与菌液混合);另一组是小麦盆栽试验的10个处理,包括空白对照(CK,未添加处理)、仅微藻培养基(A-1)、仅菌培养基(A-2)、单独枯草芽孢杆菌(A-3)、单独活藻(A-4,仅添加活体小球藻液)、单独上清液(A-5,仅添加小球藻离心上清液)、单独破碎液(A-6,仅添加小球藻细胞破碎液)、活藻+菌(A-7,活体小球藻液与菌液混合)、上清液+菌(A-8)、破碎液+菌(A-9)。结果表明,Q-4处理可使菌体提前2 h进入对数生长期,培养16 h时生物量达峰值[(1.032±0.021)mg/L],较CK[(0.397±0.018)mg/L]显著提升51.48%(P<0.01);Q-6处理虽达到最大生物量的时间较晚(18 h),但其最终浓度[(1.498±0.019)mg/L]仍显著高于CK(P<0.01)。A-7处理显著提高发芽率(83.33%vs.CK 68.3%)、发芽势(85.4%vs.CK 52.1%)及发芽指数(18.7 vs.CK 12.4),并缩短发芽时间0.5~1 d(P<0.05);A-7处理显著改善土壤理化性质,电导率降低21.5%、盐分含量减少18.3%、pH下降0.8,同时铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别增加34.2%、27.6%和22.1%;还提高了土壤细菌多样性(Shannon指数:5.8 vs.CK 4.2),优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(32.7%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)(18.5%)、放线菌门(Actinnobacteriota)(15.9%)。研究结果为微藻与益生菌协同改良盐碱化土壤及提高作物产量提供了理论依据。
The long-term and excessive use of chemical fertilizers had caused problems in China’s agriculture,such as resource waste,soil quality degradation,crop yields reduction,and ecological imbalance.Microalgae,however,could release bioactive substances and trace elements.They could improve soil structure by stimulating the proliferation of beneficial soil bacteria and promoting the germination of plant seeds.Therefore,exploring the synergistic effect of microalgae and beneficial bacteria held significant research value for alleviating soil degradation and enhancing agricultural sustainability.This study investigated the effects of mixtures of Chlorella sorokiniana(including live algae,cell lysate,and supernatant)and Bacillus subtilis on wheat seed germination and soil nutrient content.Two sets of treatment groups were designed:(1)Seven treatment groups to assess the impact of microalgae on the growth of Bacillus subtilis,including a blank control(CK,no treatment added),microalgae culture medium only(Q-1),bacterial culture medium only(Q-2),Bacillus subtilis alone(Q-3),live algae+bacteria(Q-4,mixture of live chlorella solution and bacterial solution),supernatant+bacteria(Q-5,mixture of algal supernatant and bacterial solution),and lysate+bacteria(Q-6,mixture of algal lysate and bacterial solution).(2)Ten treatment groups for wheat pot experiments,including a blank control(CK,no treatment added),microalgae culture medium only(A-1),bacterial culture medium only(A-2),Bacillus subtilis alone(A-3),live algae alone(A-4,only live chlorella solution added),supernatant alone(A-5,only centrifuged chlorella supernatant added),lysate alone(A-6,only Chlorella cell lysate added),live algae+bacteria(A-7,mixture of live chlorella solution and bacterial solution),supernatant+bacteria(A-8),and lysate+bacteria(A-9).The results showed that:In the first set of groups,Q-4(live algae+bacteria)enabled the bacteria to enter the logarithmic growth phase 2 hours earlier,and the biomass reached a peak[(1.032±0.021)mg/L]at 16 hours of cultivation,which was a significant increase of 51.48%,compared to the CK group[(0.397±0.018)mg/L](P<0.01).Although Q-6(lysate+bacteria)took longer to reach the maximum biomass(18 hours),its final concentration[(1.498±0.019)mg/L]was still significantly higher than that of the CK group(P<0.01).In the pot experiment groups,A-7(live algae+bacteria)significantly increased the germination rate(83.33%vs.CK 68.3%),germination potential(85.4%vs.CK 52.1%),and germination index(18.7 vs.CK 12.4),while shortening the germination time by 0.5-1 day(P<0.05);A-7 treatment significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil:electrical conductivity decreased by 21.5%,salt content reduced by 18.3%,pH value dropped by 0.8,and the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increased by 34.2%,27.6%and 22.1%,respectively.Additionally,it enhanced soil bacterial diversity(Shannon index:5.8 vs.CK 4.2),with the dominant phyla being Proteobacteria(32.7%),Bacteroidota(18.5%),and Actinobacteriota(15.9%).
作者
卡依拉·阿布都艾尼
阿不都克力木·白克尔
艾萨江·图合提
陈永坤
艾山江
ABUDUAINI Kayila;BAIKEER Abudukelimu;TUHETI Aisajiang;CHEN Yong-kun;AI Shan-jiang(Desert Algae Research Institute,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830054;Institute of Bidogy,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050081)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第11期245-253,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
河北省科学院科技计划重点研发项目(24313,25313)
伊犁哈萨克自治州科技计划重点研究与技术开发专项(YZD2024A12)
丝绸之路经济带创新驱动发展试验区、乌昌石国家自主创新示范区科技发展计划(2024LQ02003)。
关键词
小球藻
枯草芽孢杆菌
种子萌发
微藻土壤改良
微生物群落结构
Chlorella sorokiniana
Bacillus subtilis
seed germination
microalgae soil improvement
microbial community structure
