摘要
通过研究负压灌溉对玉米生长发育和生理特性的影响规律,可以为玉米生产中选用适宜的负压供水压力提供理论依据。试验在盆栽条件下,以玉米品种先玉335为试验材料,以浇灌为对照,负压灌溉设置-5kPa、-10kPa、-15kPa共3个供水压力处理,研究了负压灌溉下玉米生育期内叶面积变化、逆境生理指标、干物质积累和各生长指标的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,负压灌溉-5kPa供水压力全生育期提高了玉米叶面积,-10kPa供水压力在生育后期可提高玉米叶面积,-15kPa供水压力全生育期降低了玉米叶面积;-5kPa供水压力显著降低了玉米超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性,显著降低了游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量;与对照相比,-5kPa供水压力显著提高了玉米根、茎、叶、穗轴、籽粒和总干物质积累量;-15kPa供水压力显著降低了玉米茎、叶、苞叶、穗轴、籽粒和总干物质积累量;生育后期-5kPa供水压力与对照相比显著提高了玉米光合势、净同化率、作物生长率和相对生长率,显著降低了叶面积比率,但-15kPa供水压力各指标变化与-5kPa供水压力相反;-10kPa供水压力显著降低了光合势、相对生长率和作物生长率,净同化率和叶面积比率与对照处于同一水平。综上所述,负压灌溉-5kPa供水压力有利于提高玉米叶面积,降低水分胁迫,促进玉米生长和提高干物质积累量,-5kPa供水压力为适宜的玉米负压灌溉供水压力。
The effects of negative pressure irrigation on the growth,development,and physiological characteristics of maize were studied,in order to provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate negative pressure water supply pressure in maize production.The experiment was conducted under field conditions,and maize variety Xianyu 335 was used as test material.Taking the conventional irrigation as control,the negative pressure irrigation was set at three water supply pressures of-5 kPa,-10 kPa,and-15 kPa,and the effects of negative pressure irrigation on leaf area change,stress physiological indexes,dry matter accumulation and various growth analysis indexes of maize during its growth period were studied.The results showed that the maize leaf area of negative pressure irrigation-5 kPa treatment in the whole growth period was higher than control,and the-10 kPa treatment was higher than control in the late growth period.The maize leaf area of-15 kPa treatment was decreased in the whole growth period.The maize activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase of-5 kPa treatment were significantly lower than those of the control,at the same time,the contents of free proline,soluble protein and soluble sugar was significantly lower than the control;The dry matter accumulation of corn roots,stems,leaves,cobs,grains and total dry matter at-5 kPa treatment was significantly higher than the control,while it was significantly lower than the control in-15 kPa treatment except root.The maize leaf area duration,net assimilation rate,crop growth rate relative growth rate of-5 kPa treatment was significantly higher than the control at the late growth stage,and the leaf area ratio was significantly reduced.However,the change of these indicators in-15 kPa treatment were opposite to-5 kPa treatment.The leaf area duration,relative growth rate and crop growth rate of-10 kPa treatment was significantly reduced,and the net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio were at the same level as the control.In conclusion,the maize leaf area was increased,water stress reduced,maize growth promoted and dry matter accumulation increased in negative pressure irrigation of-5 kPa treatment,and-5 kPa treatment was the appropriate water supply pressure for maize negative pressure irrigation.
作者
张吉立
刘振平
王鹏
马爽
张葵
ZHANG Ji-li;LIU Zhen-ping;WANG Peng;MA Shuang;ZHANG Kui(Wenshan University Yunnan,Wenshan Yunnan 663000;Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第11期226-235,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0112300)。
关键词
负压灌溉
叶面积
干物质积累
抗氧化酶
渗透调节物质
作物生长率
negative pressure irrigation
leaf area
dry matter accumulation
antioxidant enzyme
osmotic substances
crop growth rate
