摘要
探究常规施氮、磷、钾肥基础上配施铁、镁肥对猕猴桃光合生理特性和果实产量与品质的提升效果,为猕猴桃科学施用铁、镁肥,改善中微量元素营养,提高产量和品质提供科学依据。以10年生‘红实2号’猕猴桃为试验材料,在四川省绵竹市遵道镇棚花村采用两年(2023—2024年)田间定位试验,设置常规施肥(NPK)、配施铁肥(NPK+Fe)、配施镁肥(NPK+Mg)、配施铁肥+镁肥(NPK+Fe+Mg)共4个处理,研究猕猴桃叶片光合生理特性(叶绿素含量、胞间CO_(2)浓度、气孔导度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶活性)、果实形态(横径、纵径)、鲜果产量(单果重、总重)及品质(可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸和维生素C)的差异特征。结果表明,与NPK处理相比,NPK+Fe、NPK+Mg、NPK+Fe+Mg处理猕猴桃叶片叶绿素含量提高7.95%~20.47%,净光合速率提高5.93%~8.88%;猕猴桃大果率提高2.21%~4.98%,产量提高6.36%~9.71%;果实可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比分别提高13.01%~19.11%、2.77%~8.29%、0.56%~1.11%和4.08%~8.80%;产值提高6.70%~11.38%。常规氮、磷、钾基础上配施铁、镁肥明显改善猕猴桃叶片光合生理特性,提高叶绿素含量和光合速率,从而促进猕猴桃生长,显著增加产量,提升果品品质;相比铁肥而言,配施镁肥的效果更优。
The effects of combined application of iron and magnesium fertilizers on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and fruit yield and quality of kiwifruit on the basis of conventional application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were explored,in order to provide a scientific basis for the scientific application of iron and magnesium fertilizers to improve the nutrition of medium and trace elements and improve the yield and quality of kiwifruit.A two-year(2023—2024)field experiment was conducted in Penghua village,Zundao town,Mianzhu county,Sichuan province,with 10-year-old‘Hongshi No.2’kiwifruit as the test material.Four treatments were set up:conventional fertilization(NPK),combined application of iron fertilizer(NPK+Fe),combined application of magnesium fertilizer(NPK+Mg),combined application of iron fertilizer+iron fertilizer(NPK+Fe+Mg).The photosynthetic physiological characteristics(chlorophyll content,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and 1,5-bisphosphate ribulose carboxylase/oxygenase activity),fruit morphology(transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter),fresh fruit yield(single fruit weight,total weight)and quality(soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid and vitamin C)of kiwifruit leaves were studied.The results showed that,compared with NPK,the chlorophyll content of kiwifruit leaves treated with NPK+Fe,NPK+Mg,NPK+Fe+Mg treatments were increased by 7.95%-20.47%,and the net photosynthetic rate was increased by 5.93%-8.88%.The large fruit rate of kiwifruit was increased by 2.21%-4.98%,and the yield increased was by 6.36%-9.71%.The contents of soluble sugar,vitamin C,soluble solids and sugar-acid ratio were increased by 13.01%-19.11%,2.77%-8.29%,0.56%-1.11%and 4.08%-8.80%,respectively,and the output value was increased by 6.70%-11.38%.On the basis of conventional nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,the application of iron and magnesium fertilizers significantly improved the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of kiwifruit leaves,increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,thereby promoting the growth of kiwifruit,significantly increasing yield and improving fruit quality.Compared with iron fertilizer,the effect of magnesium fertilizer was better.
作者
薛紫月
樊晓东
徐开未
彭丹丹
赵曙光
汪小玲
陈远学
XUE Zi-yue;FAN Xiao-dong;XU Kai-wei;PENG Dan-dan;ZHAO Shu-guang;WANG Xiao-ling;CHEN Yuan-xue(College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130;Sichuan Meifeng Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Deyang Sichuan 618000)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第11期71-78,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
四川美丰绿色高效作物专用肥产品开发项目(CAGD-SCMF2022)
四川省科技计划项目(2025YFHZ0115)
成都市重点研发项目(2024YF0502138SN)。
关键词
猕猴桃
铁肥
镁肥
光合生理特性
果实品质
kiwifruit
iron fertilizer
magnesium fertilizer
photosynthetic physiological characteristics
fruit quality
